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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>'One Namibia - One Nation' - A Qualitative Study of the Official Nation-building Process and Experienced Participation among Rural San in Namibia.</text>
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                <text>Namibia won its independence in 1990 after a long liberation struggle lead by the – since independence ruling party – SWAPO. There is an ongoing nation-building process in the multiethnic country ever since, with a vision about a unified nation. This study examines the relationship between the nation and one of its ethnic minority groups; the San. From a socio-economic perspective the San is the most disadvantaged ethnic group of contemporary Namibia. How do members of San experience national participation? How does the nation handle the ethnic diversity? This study illustrates that a national identity is promoted by the government and that the struggle for an unified nation is legitimized with the liberation struggle and its won independence. At the same time members of San seem to identify their living situation with ethnicity and are more concerned about the survival of their closest community than national participation. The discussion is based on qualitative interviews where experiences among San-members and one NGO-volunteer are analysed with inspiration of the method Grounded Theory, related to earlier research on the field and theories of nationalism and ethnicity.</text>
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                <text>Jenny Schwerdt</text>
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                <text>Linköping University</text>
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                <text>Master (One Year) Thesis in Social and Cultural Analysis (Social Science): Linköping University</text>
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                <text>"A Nation On the Move”: A Discourse Analysis of Namibian Policies for Development</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis - "This thesis is approaching the concept of development in Namibian plans for development, its Vision 2030 and Third National Development Plan. The aim is to analyse discourses of development in the Namibian political context of planning for development. I have done this through the theoretical and methodological framework of Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis, CDA. I have identified four contrasting and complementing discourses in the way that the documents talk about development. Two of them, discourse of tradition and discourse of modernity, are connected to meanings of development. The two others, a social equity and justice discourse and a neo-liberal market discourse, are connected to structures of development, which shape how the documents vision development to happen. I have seen that there is a struggle between the discourses in the way they are described as both complementing and conflicting."</text>
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                <text>http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:359287/FULLTEXT01.pdf</text>
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                <text>“Whose nation?”: A study of nation-building in Namibia</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis: Social and Welfare Studies (Linköping University) - "Using a critical discourse analysis this study focuses on the Namibian nation-building process. The former colony gained its independence in 1990 from the South African apartheid administration. It was this oppressing social structure that gave the people a common enemy to unite against. It was from this unity that the Namibian identity sprung. This study took place during three month in Namibia where nine people were interviewed. They all had contributed, or still contribute to the nation-building process in different ways. Some for example active in the liberation struggle, active in government or in political youth organizations. To further contextualize the Namibian society three local newspapers was followed during this time. The material is here discussed and analysed along with theories on nations and nationhood, identity and nationality as well as with post-colonialism and globalization. The results show that the colonial history has affected many social structures of today. Both on an individual level as well as on an intergroup and a society level. The empirical material show tribalistic tendencies in the sense that tribal heritage sometimes is considered more important than a uniting Namibian identity. To put this in a wider perspective there is a discussion on how this relates to a global capitalist system."</text>
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                <text>Robin Lagergren</text>
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                <text>A Critique of the Historical Sources and Historiography Relating to the Damaras in Pre-Colonial Namibia</text>
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                <text>Despite being only a B.A. Honours Thesis, Brigitte Lau's work has stood up as a solid resource in Central Namibian historiography and early Namibian history</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>A Legal overview of Namibia's Mining Industry</text>
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                <text>Dissertation (LLM) - Namibia has since gaining its independence managed to build a strong mining industry and a solid regulatory framework to govern it. Many foreign investors have looked to Namibia’s mining industry to invest in this growing sector over the years. However, the 2008 global economic recession saw the mining industry of Namibia suffering tremendously from the diminishing ore reserves and low commodity prices. However, in spite of these challenges, the mining industry has continued to attract foreign investments into the industry. This has also come with its share of implications which are felt by the sector as a whole. This research raises the need for the government of Namibia to amend existing legislation on mining and introduce laws and policies that will aid in overcoming these challenges. In the light of the above, this study argues that while there has been a recent decline in the mining sector of Namibia since 2008 as a result of diminishing ore reserves and low commodity prices, which have negatively affected the mining industry in Namibia, the amendment of the laws in extant and enactment of new ones with improved policies could turn the evil tide presently besetting the mining companies and the Namibian mining industry as a whole.</text>
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                <text>Winfred Siphiwe Lupalezwi</text>
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                <text>University of Pretoria</text>
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                <text>http://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/43706</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>A Life Cycle Assessment of a Uranium Mine in Namibia</text>
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                <text>MS Thesis in Environmental Engineering: University of South Florida - Uranium mining and nuclear power is a controversial topic as of late, especially in light of the recent Fukushima event. Although the actual use of nuclear fuel has minimal environmental impact, its issues come at the very beginning and end of the fuel’s life cycle in both the mining and fuel disposal process. This paper focuses on a life cycle analysis (LCA) of uranium mine in the desert nation of Namibia in Southern Africa. The goal of this LCA is to evaluate the environmental effects of uranium mining. The LCA focuses on water and energy embodiment such that they can then be compared to other mines. The functional unit of the analysis is 1kg of yellowcake (uranium oxide). The processes considered include mining and milling at Langer Heinrich Uranium (LHU). The impact categories evaluated include the categories in ReCiPe assessment method with a focus of water depletion, and cumulative energy demand. It was found that the major environmental impacts are marine ecotoxicity, human toxicity, freshwater eutrophication, and freshwater ecotoxicity. These mainly came from electricity consumption in the mining and milling process, especially electricity generated from hard coal. Milling tailings was also a contributor, especially for marine ecotoxicity and human toxicity. The other electricity generation types, including nuclear, hydro, natural gas, and diesel contribute to marine exotoxicity and human toxicity as well. Hydro-electricity, tailings form milling, sodium carbonate, and nuclear electricity also cause freshwater eutrophication at the LHU mine. The major contributor of the water depletion was hard coal generated electricity consumption as well. Tailings also led to a level of water depletion that was significant but much smaller than that of the coal-based electricity. In terms of energy, weighting portrayed the main energy used to be nuclear power, in terms of MJ equivalents. Nuclear power was then followed by fossil fuels and finally hydropower. Most of the energy used was for the uranium mining process rather than the milling process. As expected, the direct water, and energy values, 0.5459 m3 and 97.34 kWh per kg of yellowcake, were much lower than the LCA embodiment values of 282.67 m3 and 76,479 kWh per kg of yellowcake. When compared to other mines, the water use at LHU was found to be much lower while the energy use was found to be much higher.</text>
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                <text>Janine Lambert</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1967">
                <text>University of South Florida</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1971">
                <text>http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6291/</text>
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        <name>Langer Heinrich Uranium</name>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>A narrative study of teachers' professional identity through the eyes of Namibian teachers</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis (Education) - "Teachers’ professional identity has been widely studied in the Western academic context during the last decades. This study is examining the stories of subject teachers’ professional identity in the context of Namibia. The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of teacher professional identity through a crosscultural perspective. The theoretical framework consists of two dimensions: teachers’ professional identity and the Namibian educational culture through a cross-cultural aspect. The first part of the theoretical framework scrutinises narrative identity and teachers’ professional development together with the main concept. The second part of the theoretical framework approaches the studied context by increasing information about it and by reflecting the significance of cross-cultural research and researcher’s position in the study. The aim of this study is to discover from which essential incidents the professional teacher identity of these Namibian subject teachers’ is constructed in the different phases of their career. Since identity is approached as a phenomenon, qualitative inquiry is applicable for researching the topic. Narrative approach is utilised in this study, since narrativity is linked to the construction of teacher identity in Sfard &amp; Prusak’s (2005), Kaasila’s (2008) and Soreide’s (2006) definitions. The data was collected by using the semi-structures interviews and includes the stories of four Namibian subject teachers of their careers. All the interviewed teachers had gained professional experience before data collection. The analysis of data was performed by utilising Polkinghorne’s (2005) method analysis of narratives. The main categories that formed the results of this study are 1) The construction of teacher identity, 2) The development of teacher identity on a personal and societal level, 3) The dimensions of teacher identity in contemporary context, and 4) The ideal teacher and teachers’ thoughts of their future. Moreover, the main categories are divided into themes, by applying Polkinghorne’s (2005) method. The themes were construed from the data based on the stories teachers told. The conclusions show that teacher professional identity is constructed through significant people, events and educational environments in teachers’ lives. Moreover, the development of identity is constructed through evaluation on a personal level and by reflecting the changes in teachers’ profession on a societal level. In the contemporary context teacher identity is constructed via experienced roles, motivation in teachers’ profession, practical experiences, educational values and professional challenges. As Flores &amp; Day (2006) point out, teacher professional identity is shaping constantly during the career. Furthermore, teachers in this study define their identity to the future by professional goals and constructing their image of an ideal teacher. In addition, this study supports Sfard &amp; Prusak’s (2005) definition of teacher professional identity as constructed though stories. The conclusions of this study indicate that teacher professional identity has global and universal elements. From the perspective of conclusions cross-cultural research of this topic enriches the understanding of Finnish teacher professional identity."</text>
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                <text>Sari Annukka Lyttinen</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2197">
                <text>University of Oulu</text>
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                <text>http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/nbnfioulu-201512082269.pdf</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>A Stable Isotope Study of the Hydrological Systems in the Naukluft Region in Namibia</text>
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                <text>Dissertation (M.A. in Geology, Stellenbosch) - "The Naukluft Region is situated +- 200 km southwest of Windhoek in Namibia and includes the Naukluft Nappe Complex (NNC), a series of nappe stacks of severely thrusted and folded limestones and dolomites of Neoproterozoic Damara orogen. Although it is a very arid (&lt;200 mm/yr) part of the country, it is also one of the most important tourist destinations, because of its varied geomorphology, spectacular scenery and fragile vegetation biomes. It is the availability of fresh water that that will limit the growth and development of both the agricultural and tourism industries in the region. In this detailed stable isotope study (0180, oD and Ol3C) of the precipitation, surface- and ground- water in the region, numerous possibilities for recharge and aquifer characterization are provided. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-89)."</text>
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                <text>Kate Naudé</text>
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                <text>University of Stellenbosch</text>
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        <name>Namib Naukluft Park</name>
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                <text>PhD Dissertation (History of Art) - "This dissertation examines the trajectory of Namibian art during the country's multiple phases of nationalism from 1946 to 2003. Nationalism, an ideological construct that posits unified national identity and a concomitant right to political autonomy, is manifested in the visual arts through specific subject mater and styles, which often combine indigenous symbols with modern vernacular. I argue that Namibian art developed along two distinct paths, each with its own symbols, subject matter, and styles. Black and white artist drew on their separate African and European heritages in order to assert the superiority of their own culture to reinforce or combat apartheid ideology. Chapter one of the dissertation contains an overview of Namibia's apartheid history and outlines three phases of Namibian nation building. In chapter two, the use of landscape painting by European colonists in a way that erased indigenous history and culture is considered. Chapter three explores the work of John Muafangejo, whose linocuts mark the emergence of a subject matter focusing on the history and culture of black Namibians. Chapter four discusses the development of Afrocentric subject matter by Joseph Madisia and others and examines the arts policies of the resistance movement (SWAPO), which were directed at the development of black consciousness as an aid to nation building. Part fives examines post-independence Namibian art and confirms the continuation of racially separate, culturally driven subject matter without recognizable nation symbols, even after the formation of the modern nation."</text>
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                <text>Basic Income Grant Towards Poverty Alleviation in Namibia - A discourse analysis of conceptions of poverty and poverty alleviation within the BIG Coalition</text>
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                <text>Master (one year) Thesis in Social and Cultural Analysis Year 2010 - "Namibia is one of the most unequal countries in the world and has high rates of poverty. In the thesis the proposal for a basic income grant as a strategy for poverty alleviation in Namibia is analyzed. The study is based on six interviews with the Basic Income Grant Coalition in Namibia and their four publications. The theoretical and methodological framework is Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis and social theory of discourse. Conceptions about the economical and political situation of Namibia in relation to inequality are discussed, as well as the image of the desired citizen in neo-liberal societies. Poverty is conceptualized as a trap where the BIG is regarded as a way out from poverty to a situation of confidence, engagement and economic activity. Contemporary classifications and means testing for social grants are problematized as inefficient and discriminative. The BIG is regarded as right in the context of the big inequalities in Namibia. It is suggested that the BIG Coalition with the proposal for the grant also offers alternative conceptions about Namibia and about the possibilities for change in the situation of poverty."</text>
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                <text>M.A. Dissertation - "The mini-dissertation examines and highlights in broad detail how Mr. Sam Nujoma used the canons of classical rhetoric in his State of the Nation Addresses during his Presidential reign in Namibia from 1990 to 2004. Mr. Nujoma’s Addresses are critiqued against the five canons of classical rhetoric: invention, arrangement, style, delivery and memory. Specifically, the author focuses on the following five research questions: 1. What evidence of particular appeals or approaches are used by Mr. Nujoma? 2. How effective is the arrangement of messages or arguments in the Introduction, Purpose statement, Body and Conclusion of the addresses? 3. Is the language style clear, vivid and persuasive in the sense of it being appropriate to Mr. Nujoma, the audience and the occasion? 4. Are there vocal and other nonverbal aspects used to complement verbal messages during the delivery of the addresses? 5. Is Mr. Nujoma’s retention and grasp of the contents of the addresses evident? In an attempt to answer the research questions above, twenty eight hours of video recordings shown live on the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation and two hundred twenty pages of the Hansard of the fifteen State of the Nation Addresses delivered between 1990 and 2004 were examined. The research shows that there is a difference between Mr. Nujoma’s written and delivered addresses in articulation. While the speeches were properly written, Nujoma’s delivery at times failed them. Notwithstanding the fact that English is not Nujoma’s home language, the grammatical conventions in his addresses were largely correct. However, the video recordings of the speeches sometimes contradicted Nujoma on the pronunciation of words. Mr. Nujoma’s inability to pronounce certain words is one of the reasons for the deficiency in delivery. Policies and actions are more important, but when one is the President, the public and history look to him to shape the way important things are talked about. Mr. Nujoma used various verbal tactics to complement pathos in his State of the Nation Addresses. He appealed to emotions of fear. Another technique evident in Nujoma’s State of the Nation Addresses was the use of logos. In this technique, the danger lies in the fact that decisions based on rational appeals are not necessarily based on truth or logic, but on emotions favouring those who put forth the more powerful arguments."</text>
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                <text>Published PhD Dissertation - "Walvis Bay, the largest and safest harbour on the Namib coast, was known to maritime explorers as early as the fifteenth century European voyages of discovery. This study centres on 58 archaeological sites in the IKhuiscb Delta around Walvis Bay and Sandwich Harbour. The variety and distribution of trade goods among the sites reveal the indigenous response to the outside world, previously known only from written records documenting the attitudes and opinions of the foreigners. Walvis Bay was the port of access; the IKhuiseb River led to the interior. Because little modern development took place in the delta or the environs of the town before the late 1980s, the area provided an excellent opportunity for archaeological investigation of contact between indigenous society and the seafaring nations of western Europe. The voyages of discovery in the fifteenth century opened a maritime route which drew the people of the African coast directly into a network of trade with Europe (Wallerstein 1989) (Fig. 1.1). With new markets for cheap raw materials and their mass-produced goods, European mercantile interests expanded to dominate the world economy in succeeding centuries. During this process, some African societies diversified their economies and increased production as a result of the expanded external trade (Spear 1978; Kjekshus 1996) but ultimately, indigenous societies suffered major disruption and collapse (Wolf 1982). The growth of European hegemony is extensively documented, while the changes to indigenous society are not well understood."</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis (Education) - "The aim of this research is to find out what kind of perceptions Namibian and Finnish children have on skin color. Previous research indicates that children actively use skin color –related vocabulary and are able to see differences amongst themselves. They are also aware of the power and meanings attached to different skin colors. I hope this research can offer early childhood educators and other people working with children new ideas and practical examples on how to discuss the topic with children. The research question is: what do Namibian and Finnish children tell about skin color? The foundation of the research lays on an interdisciplinary approach, which combines elements from cross-cultural and narrative research as well as childhood research. Two theoretical approaches, post-colonial theory and Critical Race Theory (CRT), form the theoretical framework for this research. The research data consists of 59 short, semistructured interviews of 5-6-year old children from Namibia and Finland. The interviews were partly based on pictures and storytelling. The data was analyzed inductively but theory-guided using modified content analysis. Part of the data was examined closer with a narrative approach to produce re-told small stories which were then examined together with the whole data by the means of dialogical re-telling. The results indicate that children talk about skin color if they are given the opportunity to do it. Finnish children in this research used more color-related vocabulary than Namibian children. Finnish children also linked together skin color, language and nationality, especially Finnishness with whiteness and nonwhiteness with foreign language. Children from both countries expressed colorblind views in their answers. They also talked about skin color -related beauty conceptions. Stories about skin color -based discrimination were told by both Namibians and Finns, but Namibian children were more open than the Finnish children to the possibility to be friends with a child whose skin color was different from their own. Practical conclusions of the research emphasize the educators’ ability to recognize the possible unequal stuctures and discriminating practices of the daycare environment and the courage to talk about skin color -related issues with children. Read-aloud situations, Storycrafting and picture-based conversations would be good starting points for the discussions with the children"</text>
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                <text>Conceptions of Social Media and its Role in Supporting Networked Learning: A Global South Perspective through Student Teachers in Namibia</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis (Education) - "Social media are technologies that have been widely appropriated in students’ daily lives. This has resulted in increasing research interest in the potential supportive role that social media can offer in learning contexts. To date a lot of research in the area of technology in education in general and social media in particular, has concentrated in the global north. This thesis contributes to the discussion offering a global south perspective from a small-scale study, but still of insightful significance. The aim of the research was to investigate student teachers’ relationships with social media with the focus on their conceptions and uses of social media in their daily lives and how they perceive the potential of adopting social media to support their learning. This is a qualitative study using Phenomenography as a research approach. Data was collected through focus group interviews using open-ended questions. The theoretical framework employed in the study combined technology appropriation theory and learning theory from Vygotsky’s sociocultural perspective as well as the concept of networked learning. Technology appropriation was used to conceptualise how social media was appropriated by students in their daily lives, while the sociocultural and networked learning theories provided the theoretical lenses for interrogating the adoption of social media in learning. The participants in this study were student teachers at a university in Namibia. They were identified using the purposive sampling method, and they represented two different teaching programmes and three different year groups. In total, 19 students participated through 3 focus group interviews. The research findings show that research participants conceptualise social media as mainly social platforms for communication, bridging social relationships and for expanding social networks. Their use of social media reflects their conceptions, while also showing tensions regarding online and real-life identities. There were variations in perceptions of online identities, with some participants viewing them as separate from real-life identities, and others considering social media identities to be direct representations of real-life behaviour. The findings also show that social networking sites like Facebook were the dominantly used types of social media, and mainly accessed through mobile phones. Students’ perceptions of social media as supportive learning tools show recognition of the learning affordances that the technologies offer, with evidence that students were already informally using social media to support their own and their peers’ learning. Futhermore, findings show how students recognise the supportive role of social media in lifelong learning and their professional development as teachers. They indicated how social media can be used to create learning communities and supportive professional networks to foster collaboration amongst themselves as teachers. Issues of appropriate usage of social media on the basis of exposure to and sharing of content were identified. Concerns about lack of control over content shared and about privacy were additional findings. The limitations of this research lie in the fact that it was limited to a small group of participants. The purposive sampling method used to identify research participants may also have led to bais in favour of only students who used social media and were interested in talking about it. However, this was necessary for methodological reasons since only participants with actual experience in using social media were in a position to share such experiences. Conclusions highlight how the research findings corroborate previous research, that students predominantly use social media for social purposes, and the popularity of the social networking site Facebook. Conclusions further suggest that decisions on the use of social media in formal learning should be guided by pedagogical goals and learning needs that the technologies can meet. Pedagogical interventions to articulate the learning affordances of social media are suggested and cautions about the conceptual tensions between the nature of social media and the practices of formal education are highlighted. Critical media literacy is recommended to equip students with competencies to critically deal with content consumption and sharing on social media. Future research is recommended to focus on pedagogical and learning appropriation of social media."</text>
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                <text>Erkkie Haipinge</text>
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                <text>Dr. Phil. Dissertation: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz in Historical/Cultural-studies - Teil I: VOM NUTZEN DER GESCHICHTSPRODUKTION – ZIELSETZUNG, THEORIE UND METHODIK DER FORSCHUNGSARBEIT Teil II: DAMARA IN GESCHICHTE UND GEGENWART NAMIBIAS Teil III: AUF DER SUCHE NACH DER „VERLORENEN GESCHICHTE“</text>
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                <text>https://publications.ub.uni-mainz.de/theses/volltexte/2018/100002054/pdf/100002054.pdf</text>
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                <text>Die Lewe van F.H. Odendaal, 1898-1966</text>
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                <text>PhD Dissertation - "Frans Hendrik Odendaal is in 1898 op Kimberley gebore. Hy het sy jeugjare op Boshof deurgebring en matrikuleer in 1916. Deur privaatstudie kwalifiseer hy in 1927 as prokureur. Hy is in 1919 met Magdalena Petronella du Plessis getroud. Uit hierdie huwelik is vier dogters gebore. Na h kart wewenaarskap tree hy in 1948 met Magdalena Jacoba Truter in die huwelik. Uit hierdie huwelik is twee dogters gebore, terwyl hy die dogters uit Magdalena Truter se vorige huwelik wettiglik aangeneem het. In 1928 vestig Odendaal horn as prokureur op Nylstroom w~ar hy by sy vennoot, adv J G Strijdom se politieke bedrywighede inskakel. In 1938 word hy lid van die Nasionale Party van Transvaal se Inligtingsburo. Gedurende die Tweede Wereldoorlog was hy vir h kort tydperk Kommandant van die OssewaBrandwag in die Waterberg. In 1948 is hy tot L P R vir Waterberg verkies en in 1952 tot L U K. In 1958 is hy as Administrateur van Transvaal benoem. Hy het geskiedenis in Transvaal gemaak deurdat hy die eerste Administrateur was wat uit die geledere van die Provinsiale Raad in die gesogte pas benoem is. Odendaal het bekendheid verwerf as eerste voorsitter van TRUK en vir sy aandeel in die bevordering en opbou van die kunste in Transvaal. Insgelyks het hy kuns in Suid-Afrika op h ordelike grondslag geplaas. Hy kan as een van die grondleggers van georganiseerde streekrade vir die kunste in Suid-Afrika beskou word. As Administrateur het hy horn verder onderskei as onderwysvernuwer en bevorderaar van snelboumetodes in die provinsiale geboue-program in Transvaal. Voorts het hy baie bygedra tot die groat ontwikkeling op nywerheids- en verkeersgebied in sy provinsie. Tussen 1952 en 1966 was hy ononderbroke voorsitter van die Nasionale Parkeraad. Hy was deels daarvoor verantwoordelik dat di~ organisasie tot h winsgewende en ordelike besigheidsonderneming uitgebou is. In die proses het hy natuurbewaring in die hele Suid-Afrika bevorder. Hy was oak voorsitter van die veelbesproke Kommissie van ondersoek na aangeleenthede in Suidwes-Afrika en kan beskou word as die vader van vernuwing en ontwikkeling in moderne Namibie. Hy is in 1966 na h hartaanval oorlede. -  Frans Hendrik Odendaal was born at Kimberley -in 1898. He grew up in Boshof where he matriculated in 1916. Through private studies he quaiified as an attorney in 1927. He married Magdalena Petronella du PlessLs in 1919. Four daughters were born from this marriage. In 1948, after a short period as a widower, he married Magdalena Jacoba Truter. Two daughters were born from this marriage, while he legally adopted Magdalena Truter's two daughters from a previous marriage. In 1928 Odendaal settled at Nylstroom and practised as an attorney. He became involved with the political activities of his partner, adv J G Strijdom, and in 1938 he became a member of the National Party's Bureau of Information. During the Second World War he acted for a short period as Commandant of the Ossewa Brandwag in the Waterberg district. In 1948 he was elected M P C for Waterberg and in 1952 became M E C. In 1958 he was nominated as Administrator of Transvaal. He made history by becoming the first Transvaal Administrator to be selected from the ranks of the Provincial Council. Odendaal distinquished himself as the first Chairman of P A C T and for promoting the performing arts in Transvaal. At the same time he placed the performing arts on a sound footing in South Africa. He can be regarded as one of the founders of regional councils for the performing arts in South Africa. As Administrator he excelled as educational innovator in his province, and he also promoted quick building methods in the provincial building programme. He also contributed towards the development of industries and transport in his province. For the entire period between 1952 and 1966 he was chairman cf the National Parks Board. Due partially to his edeavours, the Board was developed into a profitable business organisation. In the process he played an important role in developing and promoting nature conservation throughout South Africa. He was also chairman of the commission of enquiry into the affairs of South West Africa and can be considered the father of development and renewal in modern Namibia. He- died of a heart attack in 1966."</text>
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                <text>http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/17976</text>
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                <text>Donor support of opposition parties in Namibia: How foreign support for parties effects democracy in a new democracy</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis - This paper will examine the effects of donor support of opposition parties on Namibian democracy. But this central research question elicits other crucial questions: • How does the international community justify its support of opposition parties around the world? • What are the prevailing conditions of a political system which lead donors to support opposition parties? These questions are applicable to many variables, e.g., case studies, which can refer to states and political parties. Thus this paper will examine one particular case variable, Namibia, and the political parties operating there. Adding the variable Namibia to the discussion gives rise to further questions: • What is the state of opposition parties in Namibia? • What forms of support have Namibian parties received and from whom? • Crucially how have Namibian parties reacted to support?</text>
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                <text>http://www.ascleiden.nl/Pdf/thesis-wagner.pdf</text>
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                <text>Edhina ekogidho - Names as links: The encounter between African and European anthroponymic systems among the Ambo people in Namibia</text>
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                <text>PhD Dissertation: This study analyses the changes in the anthroponymic system of the Ambo people, the largest ethnic group in Namibia, caused by the Christianisation and Europeanisation of the traditional Ambo culture. The central factors in this process were the work of the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Mission (FELM) and the German and South African colonisation, beginning in 1883 when the first Ambos were baptised by the Finns and received new biblical and European names at baptism. The main sources for this study are the European missionary and colonial archives and literature dealing with the history of the Ambo area and the Ambo culture. A number of Ambos were also interviewed for this study in Namibia. The linguistic analysis of the personal names of the Ambos is based on a corpus including the baptismal names of 10,920 people from three Lutheran congregations: Elim, Okahao and Oshigambo (1913–1993). The most significant changes in the Ambo naming system are the adoption of biblical and European names, the practice of giving more than one name for a person, and the adoption of hereditary surnames. Elements of the traditional naming system have also survived in this process. Just as in the old days, Ambo children today are typically named after other people, and the role of the namesake continues to be important in the society. The old custom of giving the new-born baby an Ambo name is also preserved, as well as the practice of using Ambo nicknames (e.g. praise names). The surnames of the Ambos are also based on traditional Ambo personal names. Since the 1950s, African baptismal names have become popular, and they have often been given according to principles that are similar to those traditionally observed. Hence, the encounter of African and European naming systems led not only to the adoption of new names in the personal nomenclature of the Ambos, but also to the formation of a new “African-European” naming system that consists of both African and European elements. This revolution in the Ambo naming system was particularly rapid, as it was essentially completed within one century.</text>
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                <text>University of Helsinki, Department of Finnish, Faculty of Arts.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2150">
                <text>2007</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2151">
                <text>English, Finnish, Oshiwambo</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2152">
                <text>http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/hum/suome/vk/saarelma-maunumaa/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="276">
        <name>Christianity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="252">
        <name>Finland</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="253">
        <name>Helsinki</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="783">
        <name>Linguistics</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="784">
        <name>Minna Saarelma-Maunumaa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="785">
        <name>Naming</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="786">
        <name>Oshindonga</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="787">
        <name>Oshiwambo</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="788">
        <name>Ovambo</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="137">
        <name>Ovamboland</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
