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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>Nature, cattle thieves and various other midnight robbers: Images of people, place and landscape in Damaraland, Namibia</text>
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                <text>This thesis is a study of the social-economy of pastoralism in Damaraland, a former homeland of Namibia. It focuses on communal livestock farmers and their families, their strategies for coping with drought, poverty and a legacy of political oppression. By combining ethnographic, historical and ecological research methods the author achieves a multi-faceted view of pastoral practice in relation to land tenure, environmental change, political history and rural development. As part of a wider critique relating to past ethnographic representations of Namibians, the author presents a collection of over 200 photographs made by sixteen individual 'informants' from his central fieldwork area of Okombahe. These photographs form the basis for a discussion of identity, social relations, mobility, reciprocity, poverty and politics in rural Damaraland as well as theoretical considerations pertaining to visual representation generally. This ethnographic material is contextualized by exploring the historical experience of the inhabitants of Okombahe in relation regional economic, social and political processes. In order to survive in this unpredictable arid environment, communal livestock farmers, practice an opportunistic strategy of coping with drought based on flexible property relations. This thesis researches the impact which pastoral practice and communal settlement has had on this environment. The history of vegetation change in the vicinity of communal settlements in Damaraland is explored using a combination of methodologies including matched ground and aerial photography. The author concludes that this research validates recently revised theories pertaining to dryland ecology which posit that such environments are highly resilient: vegetation change associated with communal land use in Damaraland has come about primarily as a result of long term climatic fluctuations rather than because of unsustainable exploitation by communal farmers. This is shown to have important implications for contemporary development policy.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1950">
                <text>Rick Rohde</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1951">
                <text>University of Edinburgh</text>
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                <text>1997</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1955">
                <text>https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/8959</text>
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        <name>Damaraland</name>
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        <name>Edinburgh</name>
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        <name>ethnography</name>
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        <name>Okombahe</name>
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        <name>Pastoralism</name>
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        <name>Property</name>
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        <name>Rick Rohde</name>
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        <name>vegetation</name>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1956">
                <text>Damara in Namibia: Naturally Namibian and Proudly #Nu-Khoe - Geschichtsproduktion im Spannungsfeld von Tradition und Politik</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1957">
                <text>Dr. Phil. Dissertation: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz in Historical/Cultural-studies - Teil I: VOM NUTZEN DER GESCHICHTSPRODUKTION – ZIELSETZUNG, THEORIE UND METHODIK DER FORSCHUNGSARBEIT Teil II: DAMARA IN GESCHICHTE UND GEGENWART NAMIBIAS Teil III: AUF DER SUCHE NACH DER „VERLORENEN GESCHICHTE“</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1958">
                <text>Jutta MacConnell</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1959">
                <text>Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1961">
                <text>2017</text>
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                <text>German</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1963">
                <text>https://publications.ub.uni-mainz.de/theses/volltexte/2018/100002054/pdf/100002054.pdf</text>
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        <name>Commemorations</name>
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      <tag tagId="683">
        <name>Community Building</name>
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        <name>Culture</name>
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        <name>Damara</name>
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      <tag tagId="685">
        <name>Festivals</name>
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      <tag tagId="686">
        <name>Justus //Garoëb</name>
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      <tag tagId="687">
        <name>Justus Garoeb</name>
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        <name>Jutta MacConnell</name>
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        <name>Memory</name>
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        <name>Okombahe</name>
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        <name>Otjimbingwe</name>
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                  <text>Dissertations on Namibia</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1964">
                <text>A Life Cycle Assessment of a Uranium Mine in Namibia</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1965">
                <text>MS Thesis in Environmental Engineering: University of South Florida - Uranium mining and nuclear power is a controversial topic as of late, especially in light of the recent Fukushima event. Although the actual use of nuclear fuel has minimal environmental impact, its issues come at the very beginning and end of the fuel’s life cycle in both the mining and fuel disposal process. This paper focuses on a life cycle analysis (LCA) of uranium mine in the desert nation of Namibia in Southern Africa. The goal of this LCA is to evaluate the environmental effects of uranium mining. The LCA focuses on water and energy embodiment such that they can then be compared to other mines. The functional unit of the analysis is 1kg of yellowcake (uranium oxide). The processes considered include mining and milling at Langer Heinrich Uranium (LHU). The impact categories evaluated include the categories in ReCiPe assessment method with a focus of water depletion, and cumulative energy demand. It was found that the major environmental impacts are marine ecotoxicity, human toxicity, freshwater eutrophication, and freshwater ecotoxicity. These mainly came from electricity consumption in the mining and milling process, especially electricity generated from hard coal. Milling tailings was also a contributor, especially for marine ecotoxicity and human toxicity. The other electricity generation types, including nuclear, hydro, natural gas, and diesel contribute to marine exotoxicity and human toxicity as well. Hydro-electricity, tailings form milling, sodium carbonate, and nuclear electricity also cause freshwater eutrophication at the LHU mine. The major contributor of the water depletion was hard coal generated electricity consumption as well. Tailings also led to a level of water depletion that was significant but much smaller than that of the coal-based electricity. In terms of energy, weighting portrayed the main energy used to be nuclear power, in terms of MJ equivalents. Nuclear power was then followed by fossil fuels and finally hydropower. Most of the energy used was for the uranium mining process rather than the milling process. As expected, the direct water, and energy values, 0.5459 m3 and 97.34 kWh per kg of yellowcake, were much lower than the LCA embodiment values of 282.67 m3 and 76,479 kWh per kg of yellowcake. When compared to other mines, the water use at LHU was found to be much lower while the energy use was found to be much higher.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1966">
                <text>Janine Lambert</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1967">
                <text>University of South Florida</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1969">
                <text>2016</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1970">
                <text>English</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1971">
                <text>http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6291/</text>
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        <name>Langer Heinrich Uranium</name>
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        <name>Life Cycle analysis</name>
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      <tag tagId="693">
        <name>Mine</name>
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      <tag tagId="7">
        <name>Mining</name>
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      <tag tagId="9">
        <name>Namibia</name>
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      <tag tagId="99">
        <name>Uranium</name>
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      <tag tagId="468">
        <name>water</name>
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      <tag tagId="694">
        <name>Yellowcake</name>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1972">
                <text>The Kalahari Copperbelt in Central-Eastern Namibia</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1973">
                <text>PhD Dissertation - The continuity of the Kalahari Copperbelt (KCB) beneath the Cenozoic cover of the Kalahari Group in central eastern Namibia has long been assumed, but was only confirmed by exploration drilling in 2010 when Eiseb Prospecting and Mining (EPM) uncovered Ag-bearing Cu sulfide mineralisation comparable to that found elsewhere in the belt. The geology of this region has not been described in any detail in the literature to date. Zircon geochronology suggests that sedimentation of the Eiseb started at ~1170 Ma. An uplifted basement horst of deformed acid volcanics marks the western edge of the Eiseb. There is no eastern border to the Eiseb, which extends into the Ghanzi-Chobe Belt of Botswana. Deformation and folding of the belt occurred during the Pan African Damara Orogen which peaked at ~530 Ma. Cu-Ag mineralisation is disseminated across a range of rock types, from the volcanic basement horst, to sandstones and argillites. Mineralisation also occurs in veins, often discordant to stratigraphic boundaries, and within the coarse laminae of interbedded siltstones. The preservation of delicate sulfide replacement textures of evaporite minerals in micro-folded rocks suggests that the mineralisation is largely epigenetic, favouring pressure shadows and foliation on a local scale, and fold-closures, faults and thrusts on a regional scale. Magnetite is commonly associated with with Cu-Ag mineralisation both textually and spatially, across a range of rock types. Paleomagnetic methods were unable to constrain the timing of magnetite growth. The trace element contents of magnetite, as deduced by laser ablation inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), is able to distinguish between barren and Cu-Ag mineralised host-rocks using element ratios. The V vs. Ni binary plot is effective for the acid volcanic rocks, and the V vs. Co plot distinguishes between mineralised and un-mineralised sedimentary rocks. Magnetite trace element concentrations show that it formed from hot (150-250˚C) metalliferous fluids with an IOCG (iron-oxide-copper-gold) affinity. The most likely mechanism for magnetite formation is by replacement of pyrite, with textures suggesting this occurred during deformation, i.e. during the Damara Orogeny. The syn-deformation, epigenetic Cu-Ag mineralisation recognised in the Eiseb has been reported from numerous other deposits traditionally classified as ‘sediment-hosted stratiform copper’ (SSC). In these deposits mineralisation has been shown to be coeval with regional plate movements and orogenesis, which is fundamentally different to the SSC model where mineralisation is related to diagenetic processes. An alternative mineralisation model is thus proposed, orogenic-sediment-hosted-copper (O-SSC).</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1974">
                <text>Sarah-Jane Gill</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1975">
                <text>Birkbeck University of London</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1976">
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                <text>“Whose nation?”: A study of nation-building in Namibia</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis: Social and Welfare Studies (Linköping University) - "Using a critical discourse analysis this study focuses on the Namibian nation-building process. The former colony gained its independence in 1990 from the South African apartheid administration. It was this oppressing social structure that gave the people a common enemy to unite against. It was from this unity that the Namibian identity sprung. This study took place during three month in Namibia where nine people were interviewed. They all had contributed, or still contribute to the nation-building process in different ways. Some for example active in the liberation struggle, active in government or in political youth organizations. To further contextualize the Namibian society three local newspapers was followed during this time. The material is here discussed and analysed along with theories on nations and nationhood, identity and nationality as well as with post-colonialism and globalization. The results show that the colonial history has affected many social structures of today. Both on an individual level as well as on an intergroup and a society level. The empirical material show tribalistic tendencies in the sense that tribal heritage sometimes is considered more important than a uniting Namibian identity. To put this in a wider perspective there is a discussion on how this relates to a global capitalist system."</text>
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                <text>The formalization and realization level in Namibian schools - an investigation of two countryside schools</text>
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                <text>Bachelor's Thesis: Teacher Education: Linnaeus University - "The aim of this thesis is to find out if there is a gap between the formalization level and the realization level in the Namibian school system. Moreover, our aim is to figure out how we, as visiting teaching students, interpret the relationship between steering documents and the teaching in the classroom. In turn, the aim was used to formulate three different research questions: What can we experience while observing in the class room/at school? What do the interviewed teachers express concerning our asked questions? What are the main differences between the two latest steering documents? The reason why we decided to do a study about the school system in Namibia is because it is a young country, it was proclaimed independent in 1990. Therefore we think it is interesting to study how the school system and its political steering documents have developed over the years. Our theoretical framework includes the concept of curriculum, reconceptualism and cultural issues. Our focal point has been on the following three perspectives, democracy, gender and learner centred education. The method we used in this study is triangulation, in this case analyzing political steering documents, interviewing teachers and other people connected to the school and finally class room observations. The attitudes to the three above mentioned perspectives vary amongst the interviewed personnel This study as come to the conclusion that there is a gap between the formalization level and realization level."</text>
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                <text>http://lnu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A311245&amp;dswid=5124</text>
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                <text>REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC) - A CASE STUDY OF NAMIBIA’S CROSS BORDER MIGRATION ISSUES IN OSHIKANGO</text>
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                <text>PhD in Public Administration: University of Namibia - "The main objective of this dissertation was to investigate issues of cross-border migration and their effects on the project of SADC regional integration. The principal theoretical grounding comes from theories on migration, inclusive of their gender perspectives. Inclusive in this framework were perspectives of regionalism and its subsets of regionalisation, regional cooperation, regional integration and regional awareness/identity. The dissertation also examined competing theoretical approaches to regional integration, among these, federalism, functionalism, neo-functionalism and inter-governmentalism, to determine a model to achieving a political community at the end of the SADC integration process. Based on these theories the study investigated the extent to which the grassroots communities were involved in the SADC regionalisation process. Indicators, in this regard, were the SADC Protocol for the Free Movement of Persons of 1995 and its successor, the SADC Protocol for the Facilitation of Free Movement of Persons of 1997, which all failed. The dissertation traced the background of regional integration at the global, continental and regional level and compared scenarios especially on cross-border migration issues. A qualitative research design in the form of a case study of Oshikango informed the collection of the data. The data were gathered about the distribution of variables such as the grassroots community’s understanding and attitudes towards implications of cross border migration as measured against the SADC project of regional integration. Other important variables that were illuminated by the investigation techniques are gender, age and education level of respondents. Informed by this investigation and based on the Oshikango case study this dissertation has arrived at the conclusion that SADC is currently unable to achieve its goal of regulating free movement of persons in the region. The problem seems to be that since SADC is a state-based regime, member states take their refuge in the doctrine of state sovereignty, often at the expense of the common regional agenda. In other words they talk regionalism, but they act nationally. Consequently, SADC is an example of shallow integration with limited involvement of civil society and local communities. Thus, cross-border migration control in the region is an issue that will have to be resolved. Informed by these conclusions, this dissertation leads to recommendations for the acceleration of trans-frontier spatial development, such as parks and development corridors. The SADC Forum for Traditional Authorities should also be established to further deepen trans-border interaction and facilitate intra-regional migration management."</text>
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                <text>Andrew Niikondo</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1999">
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                <text>Perception on Support Provided to Orphan Children in Foster Care Placement in an Urban City of Windhoek (Namibia)</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis: Linköping University (Child Studies) - "The overall aim of this study is to investigate the perception of support provided to orphan children in foster care placement in terms of education, care and support as well as protection by orphan children themselves, foster parents and social workers. Due to HIV/AIDS many children are being orphaned and are left behind without any visible means of support. HIV/AIDS remains undoubtedly one of the greatest challenges of the world today, as there is no part of the world that has not felt the devastating impact of the pandemic. This is already evidenced by the increase in number of orphans, child headed households and other vulnerable children affected by HIV/AIDS and the inability of the extended family system to provide such children with basic requirements such as shelter, food, medical care, education, love and support. The first chapter is focusing on the Magnitude of OVC in general and Namibia in particular. According to the National Plan of Action for OVC in Namibia, the total number of orphans and vulnerable children was estimated at 128 000 in 2007 (MGECW, 2007). According to 2001 Population and Housing Census the whole Khomas region had 6674 OVC, while Khomas urban had 5708 OVC, which means that in the Khomas region more OVC in an Urban areas while rural areas had less number which was 389 OVC (NPC, 2005). Chapter two presents a literature review and focuses on the phenomena of foster care placement. It includes the definition of terms such as an orphan child, a vulnerable child and foster care placement. It gives background details of foster care placement in general and foster care placement in the Namibia context. Also the support (care and support, education and protection) being offered to children in foster care placement are discussed. Chapter three focuses on the research methods and data collection of this study. The following elements are described in this chapter: Setting and samples, procedure, methods and methodological consideration, the role of the researcher, the limitations of the study and the ethnographic situation. Chapter four is devoted to the foster care placement legal framework in Namibia where the current foster care placement processes to access government grant to support foster families are discussed as well as foster care placement policy implications in Namibia. The conclusion of the findings on foster care placement processes is included. Chapter five consists of the analysis of the study. It provides the background information of the samples, questions, responses and interpretations of the main views of the respondents on the support provided to children in foster care placement in terms of care and support, education, protection as well as foster care placement process are provided in this chapter. Chapter six is focuses on discussions and conclusion. It includes major views of the respondents and the understanding of different voices of orphan children in foster care placement, foster parents and social workers who are professionals in this matter."</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2005">
                <text>Brigitte Nshimyimana</text>
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                <text>Master (One Year) Thesis in Social and Cultural Analysis (Social Science): Linköping University - "Namibia won its independence in 1990 after a long liberation struggle lead by the – since independence ruling party – SWAPO. There is an ongoing nation-building process in the multiethnic country ever since, with a vision about a unified nation. This study examines the relationship between the nation and one of its ethnic minority groups; the San. From a socio-economic perspective the San is the most disadvantaged ethnic group of contemporary Namibia. How do members of San experience national participation? How does the nation handle the ethnic diversity? This study illustrates that a national identity is promoted by the government and that the struggle for an unified nation is legitimized with the liberation struggle and its won independence. At the same time members of San seem to identify their living situation with ethnicity and are more concerned about the survival of their closest community than national participation. The discussion is based on qualitative interviews where experiences among San-members and one NGO-volunteer are analysed with inspiration of the method Grounded Theory, related to earlier research on the field and theories of nationalism and ethnicity."</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis: KTH the Royal Institute of Technology (Machine Design) - "Namibia is one of the most sparsely populated countries with a total area of 825 600 km2. There are still many residents in the country without access to electricity, and with the present rapid technological development the need for electricity is increasing constantly. However, the expansion of the electricity grid is slow and costly, resulting in that many cannot afford to be connected and therefore a clear need for small scale electricity production has been identified. For this reason it was chosen to investigate this need closer and examine how a small-scale vertical axis wind turbine designed by InnovEd would meet the demand; also to identify suitable sites as well as purchase and maintenance schemes to promote wind turbines or other similar off-grid renewable energy solutions in rural Namibia. Additionally, an identification of possible variations and sensitivity of wind turbine performance and guidance and recommendation for future work were desired. In this study it was chosen to follow a grounded theory where the qualitative data was collected through interviews and general observations during a field trip in northern Namibia. The data were collected for two months in collaboration with the Creative Entrepreneurs Solutions. The results showed that the demand for electricity in rural areas was large but that a small amount of electricity can make a big difference to primarily run the most important devices. Lighting turned out to be most significant for the respondents, even if they would like to run all sorts of electrical equipment for everything if given a reliable and low-cost energy supply. This was in line with the literature that shows that it is normally the next step after meeting the most basic needs. It showed also that the price of electricity was of utmost importance for the local population. Finally, the authors recommend continuing to involve the users in the next stages of development where the major step would be to test the product with the users and to develop reasonable pricing and maintenance procedures. This should be followed by the creation of a local business and production plan for such products to reach a wider market as soon as possible."</text>
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                <text>Part of M.A. Thesis (Economics) - "Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att studera den Namibiska elmarknaden, givet att Epupa kraftverket byggs. Tre hypoteser ställdes upp, nämligen att Epupa projektet kommer att ge Namibia en självförsörjande elmarknad, att den kommer att reducera elpriserna och att Namibia kommer att kunna möta framtida el-efterfrågan med inhemsk produktion. Analysen genomfördes med hjälp av traditionell mikroekonomiska teorier. Efter att jag presenterat den Namibiska elmarknaden både i sitt nuvarande tillstånd som dess förväntade framtida, kunde en utbudsfunktion samt en efterfrågefunktion härledas. Utbudsfunktionen härleddes genom en stegvis procedur som rangordnade de individuella elproducenterna efter deras respektive produktions kostnad. Efterfrågefunktionen härleddes genom ekonometriska tillvägagångssätt. Efter att ha sammanslagit de tidigare resultaten från både efterfrågesidan som utbudssidan kunde hela marknaden studeras och hypoteserna testas. Som slutsats menas att ingen av de tre hypoteserna kan förkastas. Men reduktionen på elektricitetspriset blev inte särskilt högt."</text>
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                <text>Luleå University of Technology</text>
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                <text>Masters thesis in Water Resources and Livelihood Security - "The Okavango river flows from southern Angola, through the Kavango region of Namibia and into the Okavango Delta in Botswana. The recent peace in Angola hopefully marks the end of the intense suffering that the peoples of the river basin have endured, and the beginning of sustainable decision-making in the area. Informed decision-making however requires knowledge; and there is a need for, and a lack of knowledge regarding basin-wide land cover (LC) changes, and their causes, during the Angolan civil war in the basin. Furthermore, there is a need for, and a lack of knowledge on how expanding large-scale agriculture and urban growth along the Angola-Namibia border affects the water quality of the river. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a remote sensing method applicable to the basin (with scant ground-truth data availability) to carry out a systematic historic study of LC changes during the Angolan civil war, to apply the method to the basin, to relate these changes to major societal trends in the region, and to analyse potential impacts of expanding large-scale agriculture and urban growth on the water quality of the river along the Angola-Namibia border. A range of remote sensing methods to study historic LC changes in the basin were tried and evaluated against reference data collected during a field visit in Namibia in October 2005. Eventually, two methods were selected and applied to pre-processed Landsat MSS and ETM+ satellite image mosaics of 1973 and 2001 respectively: 1. a combined unsupervised classification and pattern-recognition change detection method providing quantified and geographically distributed binary LC class change trajectory information and, 2. an NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index) change detection method providing quantified and geographically distributed continuous information on degrees of change in vegetation vigour. In addition, available documents and people initiated in the basin conditions were consulted in the pursuit of discerning major societal trends that the basin had undergone during the Angolan civil war. Finally, concentrations of nutrients (total phosphorous &amp; total nitrogen), bacteria (faecal coliforms &amp; faecal streptococci), conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and Secchi depth were sampled at 11 locations upstream and downstream of large-scale agricultural facilities and an urban area during the aforementioned field visit. The nature, extent and geographical distribution of LC changes in the study area during the Angolan civil war were determined. The study area (150 922 km2) was the Angolan and Namibian parts of the basin. The results indicate that the vegetation vigour is dynamic and has decreased overall in the area, perhaps connected with precipitation differences between the years. However while the vigour decreased in the northwest, it increased in the northeast, and on more local scales the pattern was often more complex. With respect to migration out of Angola into Namibia, the LC changes followed expectations of more intense use in Namibia close to the border (0-5 km), but not at some distance (10-20 km), particularly east of Rundu. With respect to urbanisation, expectations of increased human impact locally were observed in e.g. Rundu, Menongue and Cuito Cuanavale. Road deterioration was also observed with Angolan urbanisation but some infrastructures appeared less damaged by the war. Some villages (e.g. Savitangaiala de Môma) seem to have been abandoned during the war so that the vegetation could regenerate, which was expected. But other villages (e.g. Techipeio) have not undergone the same vegetation regeneration suggesting they were not abandoned. The areal extent of large-scale agriculture increased 59% (26 km2) during the war, perhaps as a consequence of population growth. But the expansion was not nearly at par with the population growth of the Kavango region (320%), suggesting that a smaller proportion of the population relied on the large-scale agriculture for their subsistence in 2001 compared with 1973. No significant impacts were found from the large-scale agriculture and urbanisation on the water quality during the dry season of 2005. Total phosphorous concentrations (with range: 0.067-0.095 mg l-1) did vary significantly between locations (p=0.013) but locations upstream and downstream of large-scale agricultural facilities were not significantly different (p=0.5444). Neither did faecal coliforms (range: 23-63 counts per 100ml) nor faecal streptococci (range: 8-33 counts per 100ml) vary significantly between locations (p=0.332 and p=0.354 respectively). Thus the impact of Rundu and the extensive livestock farming along the border were not significant at this time. The Cuito river on the other hand significantly decreased both the conductivity (range: 27.2-49.7 μS cm-1, p&lt;0.0001) and the total dissolved solid concentration (range: 12.7-23.4 mg l-1, p&lt;0.0001) of the mainstream of the Okavango during the dry season. Land cover changes during the Angolan civil war, contributing causes and effects on water quality were studied in this research effort. Many of the obtained results can be used directly or with further application as a knowledge base for sustainable decision-making and management in the basin. Wisely used by institutions charged with that objective, the information can contribute to sustainable development and the ending of suffering and poverty for the benefit of the peoples of the Okavango and beyond."</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis: KTH the Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden - "This study is part of a larger project in which the Tsumeb municipality, Falun municipality and Falu Energi &amp; Vatten AB work together to change the currently used controlled waste dumping site in Tsumeb into a sanitary landfill. This study aims to recommend a MSWM solution that will divert the organic waste from going to the landfill. The study consist out of a literature study in order to establish a theoretical background for the MSWM solution; a field study in which the current waste flows of Tsumeb were quantified, by using current data, and characterized, by performing a hand-picking analyses according to the UNEP methodology; and an analyses section in which an appropriate MWSM solution was proposed. The current waste consist out of 70% sand and stones, 17% grass and leaves, 6% prunings and trimmings, 4% sewage sludge, 3% branches and stumps, and 1% of other waste. This paper concludes that 99% of the organic waste in Tsumeb can be recycled, by using it as covering material, as biofuel and turning it into compost. This paper also shows that there is a potential for Tsumeb to start economically sound composting facility."</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis: KTH the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, (Machine Design) - "There are many factors creating difficulties with the electrification of Namibia. For instance, the country is very sparsely populated, and the inhabitants seldom have the money to pay for using the power-grid. 60 percent of the population has no access to electricity which could restrict the country’s development. The areas studied where how they cook food and illuminate their households. Both a qualitative and a quantitative analysis were made by interviews, observations and questionnaires. Two different types of households were included in the study; the traditional homestead and the township. These households are very different, but the people living in them have similar procedures for acquiring light and cooking food due to what they have in common – lack of electricity. All of the interviewees cooked their food over open fire and used wood as fuel. Wood can either be bought at the market, from friends or be collected from the surroundings. This is despite the fact that cutting down forest is regulated by law, and can result in fines. Candles and paraffin lamps are used for lighting. The importance of a thorough requirement analysis became clear during the field study. The product developer´s understanding of the current way of living in Namibia has to be the foundation for future product development projects in the area. To solve the problems of today, products need to be created with the user in focus, and the knowledge about consequences of today’s actions have to communicated to the population in a better way. It is also important to make sure that the knowledge about manufacturing and repair stays in the country to extend the product’s lifetime."</text>
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                <text>Die Lewe van F.H. Odendaal, 1898-1966</text>
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                <text>PhD Dissertation - "Frans Hendrik Odendaal is in 1898 op Kimberley gebore. Hy het sy jeugjare op Boshof deurgebring en matrikuleer in 1916. Deur privaatstudie kwalifiseer hy in 1927 as prokureur. Hy is in 1919 met Magdalena Petronella du Plessis getroud. Uit hierdie huwelik is vier dogters gebore. Na h kart wewenaarskap tree hy in 1948 met Magdalena Jacoba Truter in die huwelik. Uit hierdie huwelik is twee dogters gebore, terwyl hy die dogters uit Magdalena Truter se vorige huwelik wettiglik aangeneem het. In 1928 vestig Odendaal horn as prokureur op Nylstroom w~ar hy by sy vennoot, adv J G Strijdom se politieke bedrywighede inskakel. In 1938 word hy lid van die Nasionale Party van Transvaal se Inligtingsburo. Gedurende die Tweede Wereldoorlog was hy vir h kort tydperk Kommandant van die OssewaBrandwag in die Waterberg. In 1948 is hy tot L P R vir Waterberg verkies en in 1952 tot L U K. In 1958 is hy as Administrateur van Transvaal benoem. Hy het geskiedenis in Transvaal gemaak deurdat hy die eerste Administrateur was wat uit die geledere van die Provinsiale Raad in die gesogte pas benoem is. Odendaal het bekendheid verwerf as eerste voorsitter van TRUK en vir sy aandeel in die bevordering en opbou van die kunste in Transvaal. Insgelyks het hy kuns in Suid-Afrika op h ordelike grondslag geplaas. Hy kan as een van die grondleggers van georganiseerde streekrade vir die kunste in Suid-Afrika beskou word. As Administrateur het hy horn verder onderskei as onderwysvernuwer en bevorderaar van snelboumetodes in die provinsiale geboue-program in Transvaal. Voorts het hy baie bygedra tot die groat ontwikkeling op nywerheids- en verkeersgebied in sy provinsie. Tussen 1952 en 1966 was hy ononderbroke voorsitter van die Nasionale Parkeraad. Hy was deels daarvoor verantwoordelik dat di~ organisasie tot h winsgewende en ordelike besigheidsonderneming uitgebou is. In die proses het hy natuurbewaring in die hele Suid-Afrika bevorder. Hy was oak voorsitter van die veelbesproke Kommissie van ondersoek na aangeleenthede in Suidwes-Afrika en kan beskou word as die vader van vernuwing en ontwikkeling in moderne Namibie. Hy is in 1966 na h hartaanval oorlede. -  Frans Hendrik Odendaal was born at Kimberley -in 1898. He grew up in Boshof where he matriculated in 1916. Through private studies he quaiified as an attorney in 1927. He married Magdalena Petronella du PlessLs in 1919. Four daughters were born from this marriage. In 1948, after a short period as a widower, he married Magdalena Jacoba Truter. Two daughters were born from this marriage, while he legally adopted Magdalena Truter's two daughters from a previous marriage. In 1928 Odendaal settled at Nylstroom and practised as an attorney. He became involved with the political activities of his partner, adv J G Strijdom, and in 1938 he became a member of the National Party's Bureau of Information. During the Second World War he acted for a short period as Commandant of the Ossewa Brandwag in the Waterberg district. In 1948 he was elected M P C for Waterberg and in 1952 became M E C. In 1958 he was nominated as Administrator of Transvaal. He made history by becoming the first Transvaal Administrator to be selected from the ranks of the Provincial Council. Odendaal distinquished himself as the first Chairman of P A C T and for promoting the performing arts in Transvaal. At the same time he placed the performing arts on a sound footing in South Africa. He can be regarded as one of the founders of regional councils for the performing arts in South Africa. As Administrator he excelled as educational innovator in his province, and he also promoted quick building methods in the provincial building programme. He also contributed towards the development of industries and transport in his province. For the entire period between 1952 and 1966 he was chairman cf the National Parks Board. Due partially to his edeavours, the Board was developed into a profitable business organisation. In the process he played an important role in developing and promoting nature conservation throughout South Africa. He was also chairman of the commission of enquiry into the affairs of South West Africa and can be considered the father of development and renewal in modern Namibia. He- died of a heart attack in 1966."</text>
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                <text>Breaking the chains of bondage - a field study of empowerment projects in Namibia</text>
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                <text>Part of M.A. degree, Högskolan Väst</text>
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                <text>Anna Karlsson, Martin Lind</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>Basic Income Grant Towards Poverty Alleviation in Namibia - A discourse analysis of conceptions of poverty and poverty alleviation within the BIG Coalition</text>
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                <text>Master (one year) Thesis in Social and Cultural Analysis Year 2010 - "Namibia is one of the most unequal countries in the world and has high rates of poverty. In the thesis the proposal for a basic income grant as a strategy for poverty alleviation in Namibia is analyzed. The study is based on six interviews with the Basic Income Grant Coalition in Namibia and their four publications. The theoretical and methodological framework is Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis and social theory of discourse. Conceptions about the economical and political situation of Namibia in relation to inequality are discussed, as well as the image of the desired citizen in neo-liberal societies. Poverty is conceptualized as a trap where the BIG is regarded as a way out from poverty to a situation of confidence, engagement and economic activity. Contemporary classifications and means testing for social grants are problematized as inefficient and discriminative. The BIG is regarded as right in the context of the big inequalities in Namibia. It is suggested that the BIG Coalition with the proposal for the grant also offers alternative conceptions about Namibia and about the possibilities for change in the situation of poverty."</text>
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                <text>Sofia Littmarck</text>
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                <text>Linköpings universitet</text>
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                <text>http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2%3A353810/FULLTEXT01.pdf</text>
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        <name>Basic Income Grant</name>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>An economic and social history of the Herero of Namibia, 1915-1946</text>
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                <text>Wolfgang Werner</text>
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                <text>https://open.uct.ac.za/handle/11427/15858</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dissertations on Namibia</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="16">
                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2099">
                <text>ALIENATION, CONSCIOUSNESS, AND RECLAIMING: THE TRAJECTORY OF THE VISUAL ARTS IN NAMIBIAN NATION BUILDING</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2100">
                <text>PhD Dissertation (History of Art) - "This dissertation examines the trajectory of Namibian art during the country's multiple phases of nationalism from 1946 to 2003. Nationalism, an ideological construct that posits unified national identity and a concomitant right to political autonomy, is manifested in the visual arts through specific subject mater and styles, which often combine indigenous symbols with modern vernacular. I argue that Namibian art developed along two distinct paths, each with its own symbols, subject matter, and styles. Black and white artist drew on their separate African and European heritages in order to assert the superiority of their own culture to reinforce or combat apartheid ideology. Chapter one of the dissertation contains an overview of Namibia's apartheid history and outlines three phases of Namibian nation building. In chapter two, the use of landscape painting by European colonists in a way that erased indigenous history and culture is considered. Chapter three explores the work of John Muafangejo, whose linocuts mark the emergence of a subject matter focusing on the history and culture of black Namibians. Chapter four discusses the development of Afrocentric subject matter by Joseph Madisia and others and examines the arts policies of the resistance movement (SWAPO), which were directed at the development of black consciousness as an aid to nation building. Part fives examines post-independence Namibian art and confirms the continuation of racially separate, culturally driven subject matter without recognizable nation symbols, even after the formation of the modern nation."</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2101">
                <text>Meredith Palumbo</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2102">
                <text>Indiana University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2103">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2104">
                <text>2005</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2105">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="761">
        <name>Art</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="762">
        <name>Black Consciousness</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="763">
        <name>John Muafangejo</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="764">
        <name>Joseph Madisa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="765">
        <name>Meredith Palumbo</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="702">
        <name>Nation Building</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="558">
        <name>Nationalism</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="56">
        <name>SWAPO</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
