1 20 25 https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/248f5456e864bcd762bd53f1285cf777.pdf b333481f65ebe253d5e366ad90fb6bef Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hunting with Dogs among the San in the Central Kalahari Description An account of the resource Among the Central Kalahari San, hunting with dogs was once only of secondary importance to that with traps or bows and arrows. In recent years, hunting with bows and arrows has declined, whereas that with dogs has become more common. Dogs play an important role when the San hunt large antelopes with spears, or medium-sized animals with sticks. Hunting success depends on the hunter's skill in identifying footprints and timing for throwing the spear, and the chasing and fighting abilities of the dog. The owners of the dogs participating in a hunt share the game. Three factors can be identified for the increase in dog hunting. Firstly, dogs have increased dramatically. Secondly, dog hunting does not require hunters to learn new skills, and convenient for the San who travel long distance on foot. Thirdly, hides of medium-sized animals and dried gemsbok meat have become important source of cash in a developing commercial economy. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kazunobu IKEYA Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African Study Monographs (1994), 15(3): 119-134 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/68123 Commercial Economy Hunting Ground Hunting with Dogs Kazunobu IKEYA San https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/6d8648ff387f59dd97aff16305e7b1ab.pdf 2c1b080ba073a15d0ccb518a62104c80 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Environmental Change and Vegetation Succession along an Ephemeral River: The Kuiseb in the Namib Desert Description An account of the resource Forests line the course of the Kuiseb River, an ephemeral river in the Namib Desert, and several areas of these forests are characterized by high concentrations of tree death (Mizuno, 2005; Mizuno & Yamagata, 2005). We sought to clarify the relationship between recent environmental changes and such tree deaths in the region. In November 2007, we examined the roots of a seedling of Acacia erioloba that was germinated by rainfall beginning in January 2006. The Acacia erioloba had grown to a height of 10cm and its roots to over 230cm, within two years. In the sapling (seedling) stage, Acacia erioloba extends its main roots deeply until it reaches a moist, fine-grained soil layer (sandy silt) and can absorb water through lateral roots. When it reaches the stage at which the water supply from the moist, fine-grained soil layer is insufficient for its growing size, the tree extends innumerable lateral roots within a 50cm depth from the land surface, where they absorb water that has been transported to a shallow depth by fog and other sources. Acacia erioloba dies when its lateral roots are unable to absorb water. Until the mid-1970s, successive floods repeatedly deposited fine-grained materials (e.g., sandy silt) that create water-bearing sediments for the growth of Acacia erioloba, and the trees died only rarely. However, from 1980 to 1985 these materials became increasingly scarce due to the decreasing occurrence of flooding, and consequently many trees died. It is reasonable to infer that the trees died because fine sediments were no longer being regularly deposited, and because of the drawdown of the groundwater level, both of which are making it difficult for the shallow roots of the trees to absorb the water necessary to survive. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kazuharu MIZUNO Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2010), 40: 3-18 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/96301 Environmental change Flooding Kazuharu MIZUNO Sand dune Tree death Vegetation succession https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/3d7f467afb9ac84afb13a89366bcf684.pdf f6ece25bef4332de7072296855118f6a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Recent Grain-Size Coarsening of Floodplain Deposits and Forest Decline along the Kuiseb River, Namib Desert, Namibia Description An account of the resource We investigated the flood plain deposits of the middle reach of the Kuiseb River in order to reveal the recent fluvial environment changes and forest decline. For the conservation of watershed environments, it is important to examine the relationship between environmental and hydrological changes. Fluvial deposits are useful for this as they record the past environmental changes in a catchment. Grain size coarsening was seen in the upper flood plain deposits in many places. The cause of the deposit coarsening was considered to be a relative increase in the supply of coarse material. The frequency of floods seems to have been decreased by the construction of many dams in the upper stream area, but sand dunes continue to advance on the river bed, increasing the relative supply rate of coarse material (dune sand). Notable forest declines were observed at the places where marked deposition of coarse sand had occurred, as such coarse deposits cannot retain water and are desiccated rapidly. The subsequent severe dry conditions at the roots induce tree death. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kotaro YAMAGATA Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2010), 40: 19-30 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/96300 Dam construction Flood plain deposit Grain size coarsening Kotaro YAMAGATA Kuiseb River Namib Desert Riparian forest decline https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/c32afc77358926bbce47dd00b126a1d6.pdf 5ddd06faa42190549683b0a53dfa4eb1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CHANGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE !NARA PLANT THAT AFFECT THE LIFE OF THE TOPNAAR PEOPLE IN THE LOWER KUISEB RIVER, NAMIB DESERT Description An account of the resource The !Nara plant is endemic to the central Namib Desert. The Topnaar people, who live along the Kuiseb River, use this plant in their daily lives, as it serves as a vital source of income, nutrition, and traditional culture. !Nara is virtually the only food source of the Topnaar during harvest time, and cash can be obtained by selling the seeds of the !Nara fruit. In fact, 40% of Topnaar harvesters have no other source of income. A fl ood protection wall was built in 1961 to protect Walvis Bay from flood damage, and a tributary that once flowed to the town was dammed as a result. A large percentage of !Nara was killed, and the crop yield decreased dramatically. The loss of floodwaters following the construction of the wall likely resulted in a decreased moisture supply, causing !Nara vegetation to suffer. It is probably difficult for seeds to germinate owing to the decreased flooding erosion, the increased accumulation of sand, and the lowered groundwater table. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Masaaki ITO Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2005), 30: 65-75 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/68460 !Nara Flood Groundwater. Kuiseb Masaaki ITO Nama Namib Desert Topnaar people https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/def93440626bed1bef69685b2d8c83a4.pdf f27ff22c511bc996ae5f0782d1ee80a8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ethnohistory and Archaeology of the Ju/'hoansi Bushmen Description An account of the resource The 'Great Kalahari Debate' which revolved around the degree of isolation of the Ju/'hoansi Bushmen failed to adequately interrogate the Bushmen on what they knew of their own history. A combination of interviews with respected Ju/'hoansi elders and archaeological excavation indicates that those Bushmen living in the Sandveld of north-eastern Namibia, although in contact with Kavango farmers, would use them as a convenient source of hxaro exchange items only when needed. This meant only a limited number of exotic pieces were found in the excavations at the hxaro exchange place of Cho/ana in the Kaudom Reserve, suggesting that the Bushmen retained their independence. By way of contrast, hunters living in small rock shelters on the edge of Tswana settlements around Gaberone in Botswana gradually saw their cultural material being completely replaced by exotic goods and food, indicating encapsulation by the dominant society. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Andrew B. Smith Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2001), 26: 15-25 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/68410 Andrew B. Smith Encapsulation Kalahari Debate San Sandveld Bushmen https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/c68ca20547202311b1f7f66cb2d2520e.pdf 0c85e78a71dbc621b8044bc13d894b79 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN RELATION TO TREE DEATH ALONG THE KUISEB RIVER IN THE NAMIB DESERT Description An account of the resource The Namib Desert is located along the western coast of Namibia and is affected by the cold Benguela Current. Although forest is distributed along the Kuiseb River in the Namib Desert, many trees are almost dead in some areas. The aim of this research was to clarify the relationship between environmental changes and tree death. The results of the survey are summarized as follows: (1) Many dead trees are located on the riverbanks made of dune sand, which are about 1 m high. (2) Dead trees are located in transitional areas where a northward protrusion of the southern shore is followed by a southward protrusion of the northern shore along the course of the river, in proximity to a sand dune. (3) Floods have eroded the noses of advancing sand dunes of the upper stream and have caused tree death by depositing sand. (4) The date of tree death has been estimated between the late 1970s and the early 1980s by 14C dating. (5) Flood days numbered 33 per year from 1962 to 1975 and 2.7 from 1976 to 1985. The remaining thick sand layer, deposited by the last flood, may be the cause of tree death, given that there was drastic decrease in fl oods since 1976. (6) Tree death has greatly affected people's lives along the Kuiseb River because they depend on riverside forests as a source of shade, shelter, fuel, and food for humans and livestock. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kazuharu MIZUNO Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2005), 30: 27-41 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/68463 Flood decrease Humans Kazuharu MIZUNO Kuiseb River Namib Desert Sand deposits Tree death https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/b7caa9e6615517d5117f583647af7322.pdf e90d036b838981bea045c4d42704f64b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Changes in Developmental Trends of Caregiver-Child Interactions among the San: Evidence from the !Xun of Northern Namibia Description An account of the resource The San have been the subject of extensive research with respect to their foraging lifestyle that is assumed to date back to antiquity. I conducted field research among the !Xun San, who have had close associations with the neighboring agro-pastoralists, in order to deepen understanding in this area. As anticipated by previous studies on the influence of sedentarization, !Xun children were increasingly engaged in the care of their younger siblings or cousins. These studies also predicted early weaning from breastfeeding. Indeed, the transition from breastfeeding to solid baby food occurred primarily during the second year after birth, regardless of the mother's next pregnancy, among the present-day !Xun. However, several findings did not meet the expectations raised by previous studies. Despite the difference in subsistence patterns, the trend toward parity among sedentary !Xun women was quite similar to that of nomadic Ju|'hoan women. The developmental transition involving touching and holding by the mother was similar among the Ju|'hoan and the !Xun. Gymnastic behavior preceding unaided walking of children persisted, even among the sedentary !Xun, mediated by differences in folk knowledge regarding such gymnastic behavior. Based on this evidence, I reconsidered the relationships among ecology and subsistence patterns, parental ideology, and patterns of caregiver-child interactions. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Akira TAKADA Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2010), 40: 155-177 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/96291 Adaptation Akira TAKADA Caregiving behavior Childhood Hunter-gatherers Socialization https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/69752a13b9e92ef739998fc22e882a2f.pdf b7785b9c49b0d04d7ad51349dca14ec8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vegetation structure of the biomes in southwestern Africa And their precipitation patterns Description An account of the resource Southwestern Africa contains diverse biomes. The amount of the annual precipitation of this area has been traditionally thought to be the most important controlling factor to the differentiation of the biomes. However, this territory experiences the summer rain type and winter rain type. Those two different precipitation patterns should result in the different mechanisms to control the distribution of the biomes. This study intends to clarify the relationships between the distribution of the biomes and the summer rain type and winter rain type, knowing the vegetation structure in terms of the growth forms of the dominant plants. Studies were conducted in the area southwestern Africa, including major biomes of the southern Africa. Grassland, Nama-karoo and Savanna appear in the area with the summer rain type. Both of Succulent karoo and Fynbos appear in the area with the winter precipitation type. The amount of winter precipitation of those two biomes is much higher than that of the other tree biomes. This higher amount of winter precipitation encourages the dominance of evergreen woods and succulents in those two biomes. Especially the succulents efficiently utilize the winter precipitation. This leads to the dominance of the succulents on those two biomes. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Susumu OKITSU Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2010), 40: 77-89 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/96296 Deciduous shrub Grassland Savanna Succulents Summer rain Susumu OKITSU Winter rain. https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/b503e43a431bbff1854c43239859dcc2.pdf b6e22df621c1d3f3b42494b3a725516f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource FACTORS CONTROLLING GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IN SAVANNA VEGETATION IN NAMIBIA Description An account of the resource Here, I describe the geographical distribution of the savanna types in Namibia and identify the factors controlling the occurrence of each savanna type in relation to the amount of annual precipitation and the various physiographical regions, including the mopane (Colophospermum mopane) area. The different types of savanna can be distinguished on the basis of the leaf habits of the dominant vegetation: deciduous, evergreen nanophyll, and evergreen notophyll. In general, vegetation performance (i.e., vegetation cover and maximum height) was positively correlated with the amount of annual precipitation. However, the occurrence of a particular savanna type coincided well with physiographical region regardless of the amount of annual precipitation received. Deciduous savanna occurred primarily in the Central Highland and had the smallest total vegetation cover among the three types. The dry soil of this region determined inevitably the deciduous leaf habit of the vegetation during the dry season and thus the smallest total vegetation cover. Evergreen nanophyll savanna was found mainly in the Mega Kalahari, where I observed a clear relationship between the amount of annual precipitation and total vegetation cover. The soil moisture in this region favored an evergreen leaf habit, even in the dry season, resulting in the effective use of soil water throughout the year. This probably accounted for the large increase in total vegetation cover with increasing annual precipitation. Evergreen notophyll savanna exclusively appeared in the mopane area, regardless of the physiographical region, and had the largest total vegetation cover, apparently as a result of the ecological characteristics of mopane. Therefore, it appears that the geographical distribution of the various savanna types in Namibia is principally controlled by two different factors that are independent of the amount of annual precipitation: the water-holding capacity of the soil and the ecological characteristics of mopane. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Susumu OKITSU Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2005), 30: 135-151 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/68455 Annual precipitation Colophospermum mopane Deciduous tree Evergreen nanophyll Evergreen notophyll Savanna Susumu OKITSU https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/4bebf4ea3d71eb39503b18ad2423b7ab.pdf 4f24c29389df87281a175a6a5dd04b60 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Soil Clay Minerals in Namibia and their Significance for the Terrestrial and Marine Past Global Change Research Description An account of the resource We delineated seven soil clay mineral provinces in Namibia. Many individual clay mineral assemblages occur in fluvial, pan, cave and other environments. Previous researchers have used clay mineral compositions as evidence for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, often without analyzing the formation, the transport and the deposition of these clay minerals. In Namibia, rates of erosion and denudation by water and wind have been very small since early Quaternary times. During the Quaternary, the clay mineral assemblages of the seven provinces and of individual clay mineral deposits did not change significantly. Palaeoenvironmental reconstructions have to consider these small rates of erosion, especially if clay minerals were transported by water and/or wind from their source area to distant regions (e.g., the ocean). Changes in marine clay mineral compositions may not reflect climate change, but can be caused by changes in the ratio of fluvial to aeolian transport. If the changes in the transport mode are known, these changes can be interpreted palaeoenvironmentally. Future researchers have to decipher quantity and quality of the fluvial and aeolian dust transport (clay minerals, pollen, etc.) over southwestern Africa and the Benguela Current area. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Klaus HEINE, Jörg VÖLKEL Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2010), 40: 31-50 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/96299 Clay minerals Jörg VÖLKEL Klaus HEINE Namibia Quaternary palaeoclimate Terrestrial and marine geoarchives https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/806c85bb5b0b1bfdd7d45b3b193eb0ae.pdf 15663130ddcc1c041d6f6cacba73eafb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VEGETATION CHANGES AND USE OF PALMS AS A BUILDING MATERIAL BY OVAMBO AGRO-PASTORALISTS IN NORTH-CENTRAL NAMIBIA Description An account of the resource This paper focuses on the mutual transition between vegetation and timber use by the Ovambo people in north-central Namibia and their use of palms for timber in recent years. The vegetation around the research area was characterized as Mopane savanna, dominated by Colophospermum mopane. Historically, the Ovambo used mainly Mopane trunks for timber. However, as bush encroachment advanced in some parts of north-central Namibia, residents were forced to collect Mopane timber from the south. Since the 1970s, however, collecting Mopane has become difficult, and the inhabitants have therefore begun to use palm petioles for timber. Because the use of this resource requires many palm petioles, an environment conducive to grow many palms is required to make this option feasible. The vegetation configuration of this environment was formed mainly by three factors: (1) the unique fl ood terrain initially dispersed palm seeds over a wide area, (2) humans involuntarily dispersed seeds after eating, (3) palms were conserved by the residents. Thus, the increased use of palms emerged at a point of intersection between a change in vegetation patterns and a change in plant use by humans. The critical points of this use are its sustainability and the maintenance of traditional building complexity. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Yuichiro Fujioka Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2005), 30: 89-105 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/68458 Mopane savanna Namibia Ovamboland Palm use Vegetation change Yuichiro Fujioka https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/cd9c64a1ba3f9ad0e9f89c0d0bef6b43.pdf 5a073f13b79f044646469ac78e2d40d0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ORIGIN OF THE FOG IN NAMIB DESERT IN DRY SEASON Description An account of the resource The origin of the fog in the Namib Desert was generally considered the westerly advection fog over the Benguela cold current. When the author went to the Namib Desert in dry seasons in 2003 and 2004, the fog in the early morning, however, moved easterly from the inland to the Atlantic Ocean. It was the opposite direction of so called the sea fog. In addition to that, the fog in the Namib Desert showed the diurnal change: the fog arises in the early morning and disappeared before noon. The fog was usually driven easterly to the Atlantic Ocean. Through the climatic observation, the following were found for consideration of the origin of the fog on early August, 2004: it is not advection fog but that it is radiation fog. In the daytime, the air which is comparatively moist because of sea breeze moved to the inland, and it is solidified by radiative cooling in the night. Thus, the water vapor runs the fog and it is blown by the land wind to the westward. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Keiji KIMURA Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2005), 30: 57-64 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/68461 Advection fog Diurnal change Keiji KIMURA Namib Desert Observation Radiation fog https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/cc1d361b7bfacdfbcd5fd93eb982860c.pdf 77835e9aa6a4fa80aaeedb1b3dd19e60 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource San Cross-border cultural heritage and identity in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa Description An account of the resource The aim of this paper is to examine the indigenous San cultural identity that transcends ecological zones across the borders of Botswana, Namibia and South Africa respectively. The paper explores the representation of borders and boundaries within traditional culture, dance and music. Dance, music, material art and craft, if broadly defined, become a medium through which San women and men narrate their experiences to a broader audience. The paper contends that giving voice to the San: in the many forms that such voice is captured, will significantly enhance our understanding of indigenous knowledge systems and thus better guide strategies towards transformation of modern southern African societies. The discussion aims to showcase San indigenous knowledge systems and creativity, and shift the discourse from a 'marginalised and suffering only' sphere to appreciation of their voices through culture, art, music and dance. The article suggests that the San artistic contribution, the articulation of their specific experiences and traditional knowledge enjoy significant attention across political boundaries. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maitseo BOLAANE Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African Study Monographs (2014), 35(1): 41-64 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/187748 Art Cultural heritage Dance Handicraft Identity Indigenous knowledge Maitseo BOLAANE Music Rock art San https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/9517ee7144a364f78208a27fef978f97.pdf a2a8e9313c742e36e03fb8aece6cd817 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Seasonal Trends of Rainfall and Surface Temperature over Southern Africa Description An account of the resource This study investigated seasonal trends of surface temperature and rainfall from 1979 to 2007 in southern Africa. In recent years, annual rainfall has decreased over the African continent from the equator to 20ºS, as well as in Madagascar. On the other hand, annual mean surface temperature has shown an increasing trend across the whole region, with particularly large rates of increase in Namibia and Angola. The spatial and temporal structures of trends in rainfall and surface temperature have apparent seasonality, with rainfall in Angola, Zambia, and Namibia tending to decrease from December to March, and surface temperature from Namibia to southeastern South Africa tending to increase from July to October. To clarify the relationship between the seasonal trend and the interannual variation of the seasonal march of rainfall, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was applied to pentad rainfall data. The first and second modes of temporal structures showed strong seasonality, and their seasonal marches modulated after 1987 and 1995, respectively. These modulations included delay in rainy season onset, early withdrawal of the rainy season, and weak rainfall. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wataru MORISHIMA, Ikumi AKASAKA Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2010), 40: 67-76 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/96297 Ikumi AKASAKA Modulation Rainfall Seasonal march Seasonal trend Surface temperature Wataru MORISHIMA https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/385af3de21c3b0e14bd64f62c3303e2b.pdf bc0888f5dd90c3e237c5b5bb129e3f41 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interactions between Termite Mounds, Trees, and the Zemba People in the Mopane Savanna in Northwestern Namibia Description An account of the resource Termite mounds comprise a significant part of the landscape in northwestern Namibia. The vegetation type in this area is mopane vegetation, a vegetation type unique to southern Africa. In the area where I conducted research, almost all termite mounds coexisted with trees, of which 80% were mopane. The rate at which trees withered was higher on the termite mounds than outside them, and few saplings, seedlings, or grasses grew on the mounds, indicating that termite mounds could cause trees to wither and suppress the growth of plants. However, even though termite mounds appeared to have a negative impact on vegetation, they could actually have positive effects on the growth of mopane vegetation. Moreover, local people use the soil of termite mounds as construction material, and this utilization may have an effect on vegetation change if they are removing the mounds that are inhospitable for the growth of plants. Consequently, both termite mounds and human activities should be taken into account as factors affecting mopane vegetation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Chisato YAMASHINA Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2010), 40: 115-128 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/96293 Chisato YAMASHINA Himba Kaoko Mopane vegetation Termite mounds Utilization of termite mounds Vegetation change https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/b47cb128518d66bb403402c1712cfbf6.pdf b7cedf735ef271668585d8c7e0cffa61 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Influence of Geomorphology on the Physiognomy of Colophospermum mopane and its Effect on Browsing in Central Namibia Description An account of the resource Colophospermum mopane is a characteristic tree species indigenous to Southern Africa, where it forms 'mopane vegetation.' Mopane plays an important role in livestock farming, and the physiognomy of mopane influences the availability of feed. This study clarified the relationship between the difference in mopane physiognomy and the browsing activity of goats with reference to geomorphology. The physiognomy of mopane corresponded to geomorphological characteristics of surface structures and soil layer thickness. Consequently, the landscape based on the physiognomy of mopane was more diverse in the mountainous study area. Short, multi-stemmed mopane dominated the pediment and crest surface, while tall, single-stemmed mopane trees dominated the flood plain and ephemeral river bed. We determined that people recognize the differences in vegetation and geomorphology and use this knowledge to ensure good browsing for their goats. Most browsing occurred on pediment, where many short, multi-stemmed mopane plants, an important browsing resource for goats, can be found. The physiognomy of mopane at the study site corresponded to geomorphology and was related to browsing activity. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Koki TESHIROGI Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2010), 40: 103-114 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/96294 Browsing activity Colophospermum mopane Feed resource Koki TESHIROGI Land unit Namibia Tree shape https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/c5ec64122f8c46243f14ba0c0e843b0e.pdf 73ade4466bafab6d3f5655340a2dd6f5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VEGETATION SUCCESSION AND PLANT USE IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES ALONG THE KUISEB RIVER IN THE NAMIB DESERT Description An account of the resource The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between environmental change and vegetational succession in the Kuiseb River area of the Namib Desert. The results reveal the following: 1. About 5000–7000 years ago, wetter conditions prevailed in the Kuiseb River basin, forming a wider riverbed than at present. 2. About 600 years ago, a low terrace formed. The low terrace was characterized by the growth of acacia trees and other vegetation, which trapped and accreted aeolian sand. 3. About 400 years ago, the trapped and accumulated sand began to form a sand dune, eventually killing the tree population. 4. At the present time, all of the buried acacia trees have died and have been replaced by salvadora bushes, which continue to trap sand and increase the size of the dune. 5. Plants such as Acacia erioloba, Faidherbia albida, and Acanthosicyos horridus are very important food sources and shade plants for the local Topnaar people and their livestock. The succession of vegetation in response to environmental change has a profound impact on life in the Kuiseb River area, owing to the harsh environmental conditions and scarce plant life in the region. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kazuharu MIZUNO, Kotaro YAMAGATA Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2005), 30: 3-14 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/68465 Environmental change Kazuharu MIZUNO Kotaro YAMAGATA Kuiseb River Sand dune Topnaar people Vegetation succession https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/57bc348bbfc72e16741a364115d377da.pdf 88011fcb632ad30626ab382f6292dff7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Late Pleistocene Sedimentary Environment of the "Homeb Silts" Deposits, along the Middle Kuiseb River in the Namib Desert, Namibia Description An account of the resource In the Namib, the tectonic and geographic setting of the area means that there are no large lake basins, and relict aeolian deposits appear to be quite rare. This has posed severe problems for reconstructing palaeoclimates in this region. In addition, there are significant problems with developing a well-dated chronology of events, as well as in the interpretation of the dated evidence for hydrologic and climatic changes. The Late Pleistocene "Homeb Silts" have been interpreted in previous studies as follows: (1) dunedamed lake sediments indicating an arid environment; (2) river end-point deposits indicating arid conditions; (3) flood plain sediments of an aggrading river indicating a semi-arid environment and (4) river flood slack water sediments indicating a wet environment and intense precipitation events in the headwaters. In this present study, sedimentary facies of the "Homeb Silts" were re-described and interpretation of the sedimentary environment changes that resulted in their deposition re-assessed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The "Homeb Silts" were deposited during ca. 26 to 19 k yrs BP (ca. 25 to 19 k cal yrs BP) as indicated by eleven AMS 14C measurements; (2) Almost all of the "Homeb Silts" were deposited under wet conditions by fluvial floods, except during the early depositional phase; (3) The "Homeb Silts" have recorded some detailed environmental changes during ca. 26 to 19 k yrs BP (ca. 25 to 19 k cal yrs BP); and, (4) Depositional events caused by similar climatic events in recent years have occurred, like heavy rains and flood events in the headwaters. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shinji MIYAMOTO Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2010), 40: 51-66 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/96298 AMS radiocarbon dating Kuiseb River Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) Namib Desert Palaeohydrology Sedimentary environment Shinji MIYAMOTO Slack water sediments https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/11af61bf90840a56df9b9e25935340af.pdf 4ab0c38c9868e4adf37f7c136883d345 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Changes in Natural Resource Use among Owambo Agro- Pastoralists of North-Central Namibia Resulting From The Enclosure of Local Frontiers Description An account of the resource Agro-pastoralists living in arid lands of Africa tend to have highly mobile lifestyles and to use natural resources widely and sparsely. Thus, they require frontiers with low population densities and sufficient natural resources. However, this study found that the enclosure of the local frontier has prompted social changes, such as the setting of conservation areas and the construction of new villages. The aim of this study was to clarify how Owambo agro-pastoralists living in north-central Namibia have changed their use of natural resources in response to transformations to the local frontiers they inhabit. The Owambo group consists of a number of subgroups. Some of these groups formed small kingdoms; most group members live at the kingdom's center surrounded by the frontier at the periphery. Since the 1970s, other people have migrated into these frontier areas and altered the local conditions, forcing inhabitants to change their use of natural resources. Local inhabitants have coped with this situation in three main ways: (1) wealthy people have established private cattle posts in the frontier where they graze their livestock and gather natural resources, (2) some (especially non-wealthy people) have started to use indigenous fruit trees in multiple and intensified ways, not only for their fruit but also as building materials and wood for fuel, and (3) older villagers have established social networks with newer villagers on the frontier to exchange goods that are available only from their respective areas. The progress of people who can access the natural resources in the frontier has been limited by the enclosure of the local frontier. However, local customs involving the reciprocal exchange of surplus natural resources among neighbors and neighboring areas remain and have been adapted in response to the new situation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Yuichiro Fujioka Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2010), 40: 129-154 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/96292 Arid land Fencing Frontier Intensification Namibia. Natural resource use Ovambo https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/f0c7613b2808357dd65106b0a7c7e423.pdf 08211638eefcdb2d167be27e02b8cf61 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kyoto University Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF GRASS PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CENTRAL NAMIB DESERT Description An account of the resource The production of grass was investigated on the gravel plains of the Central Namib Desert, Namibia, during 10 rainfall seasons sampled between 1989-2003. The aim was to evaluate the rainfall-productivity relationship, to elucidate the relationship between temporal and spatial variability, and to examine the spatial scale of patchiness. We compared two different methods and found that a less accurate rapid assessment of grass cover correlat- ed well with measurements of biomass. Our data were in agreement with previous determina- tions of the desert end of the curve of grassland productivity, and productivity was closely related to the rainfall of the particular season. There was high variability between years at study sites, especially in the west (CV=279%), where it rained more seldom than in the east (CV=86%). During all years rainfall was very patchy at a spatial scale of 5 km, which appar- ently reflected the storm path of individual rain clouds. Long-term monitoring should be continued in order to detect changes of pattern in this rainfall-driven system. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joh R. Henschel, Antje Burke, Mary Seely Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2005), 30: 43-56 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/68462 Antje Burke Grass biomass grasses Joh R. Henschel Mary Seely Namib Desert Patchy rainfall Rainfall-productivity relationship Rapid assessment Storm cloud size