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                  <text>Out of Print Books on Namibia</text>
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                  <text>This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find.&#13;
&#13;
Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster.</text>
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                <text>Witchcraft and Sorcery in Ovambo</text>
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                <text>The Finnish missionaries in Northern Namibia have enriched anthropology and the study of religions with a unique collection of material on the Ovambo traditions. Now for the first time, these extraordinarily rich stories are presented in English, by Maija Hiltunen, nee Tuupainen, who in this volume concentrates on the phenomena of witchcraft and sorcery among the Ovambo at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.</text>
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                <text>Maija Hiltunen</text>
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                <text>Finnish Anthropological Society (Suomen Antropologinen Seura)</text>
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                <text>© Maija Hiltunen</text>
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                <text>1986</text>
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        <name>Maija Hiltunen</name>
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        <name>Witchcraft</name>
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                  <text>Kyoto University</text>
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                <text>San Cross-border cultural heritage and identity in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa</text>
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                <text>The aim of this paper is to examine the indigenous San cultural identity that transcends ecological zones across the borders of Botswana, Namibia and South Africa respectively. The paper explores the representation of borders and boundaries within traditional culture, dance and music. Dance, music, material art and craft, if broadly defined, become a medium through which San women and men narrate their experiences to a broader audience. The paper contends that giving voice to the San: in the many forms that such voice is captured, will significantly enhance our understanding of indigenous knowledge systems and thus better guide strategies towards transformation of modern southern African societies. The discussion aims to showcase San indigenous knowledge systems and creativity, and shift the discourse from a 'marginalised and suffering only' sphere to appreciation of their voices through culture, art, music and dance. The article suggests that the San artistic contribution, the articulation of their specific experiences and traditional knowledge enjoy significant attention across political boundaries.</text>
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                <text>Maitseo BOLAANE</text>
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                <text>African Study Monographs (2014), 35(1): 41-64</text>
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                <text>http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/187748</text>
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        <name>Maitseo BOLAANE</name>
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                  <text>Traditional Authorities Conference, 1995</text>
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                <text>The 'Traditional' of Traditional Government: Traditional versus Democracy-based Legitimacy</text>
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                <text>With Relation to Namibian Customary Law</text>
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                <text>Manfred O. Hinz</text>
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                <text>Centre for Applied Social Sciences: University of Namibia</text>
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                <text>Customary Law and the Implications for Forests, Trees, and Plants (final report)</text>
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                <text>Technical Cooperation Programme, related to the FAO Namibia, 1995. 'TCP/NAM/4453' This was in the same folder from Rob Gordon labelled "Traditional Authorities Conference, 1995". It appears however, that this paper was not presented at this conference</text>
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                <text>Centre for Applied Social Sciences: University of Namibia</text>
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        <name>Manfred O. Hinz</name>
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                  <text>Namibian Autobiographies</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection contains digitized versions of autobiographies (and some biographies) of Namibians and by Namibians. A slight preference is given for liberation struggle stories</text>
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                <text>"Go and Come Back Home:" A Namibian's Journey into Exile and Back</text>
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                <text>Dr. Schivute, who had been a member of SWAPO since 1960, left Namibia in 1962. He graduated in 1969 and became one of Namibia's first medical doctors to qualify under SWAPO's mass education programme. Over and above his MD, he gained further medical experiences in Poland and Finland. In Europe, he specialized in Critical Care Medicine and anesthesiology until 1978, when he joined the Liberation movement in Angola.</text>
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                <text>Marcus Schivute</text>
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                <text>Gamsberg Macmillan</text>
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                <text>© Marcus Schivute 1997</text>
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                <text>Published PhD Dissertation - This study discusses the legitimacy basis of political power and its changes in historical African societies. It starts from Luc de Heusch's tenet that political power required a legitimacy basis of a spiritual kind, often formulated as sacred kingship. In ancient and pre-literate societies such kings were held to be responsible for the fertility of man, land and cattle. The king was a paradoxical figure, symbolising society, but standing above it, while simultaneously being its victim by being ritually killed at old age. This was also how Owambo sacred kings were conceived. De Heusch suggested that African kings derived their power over fertility from having been made 'sacred monsters' in the rituals of installation. With the example of Owambo kingship, this study argues that the transgressive and monstrous aspect is only one of several dimension of a king's sacredness and brings out the nurturing and symbolically female aspect, identified but not analysed further by de Heusch. In the Owambo kingly installation a king-elect was made sacred, and part of it was that a link was ritually created to the early owners of the land. Their consent made it possible for the king to promote fertility and to appropriate power emblems needed for ruling. In the kingdom of Ondonga the early owners of the land were the spirits of early Bushman inhabitants and those of an early kingly clan, both neglected in public memory. The sacred dimension of kingship was further augmented when kings manipulated and appropriated rain rituals and initiation rituals, both of which were related to fertility. The study argues that even though there were aspects of the 'sacred monster' in Owambo kingship, its manifestation was, in part, a distortion of the reciprocal aspect of kingship that was expressed in the homage paid to various ancestor spirits. A change in succession practices from ritual regicide to political assassination took place concomitant with the introduction of firearms, and this broke the sacrificial aspect of sacred kingship paving the way for a more predatory form of kingship while the sacred status of the king was retained.</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis: KTH the Royal Institute of Technology (Machine Design) - "Namibia is one of the most sparsely populated countries with a total area of 825 600 km2. There are still many residents in the country without access to electricity, and with the present rapid technological development the need for electricity is increasing constantly. However, the expansion of the electricity grid is slow and costly, resulting in that many cannot afford to be connected and therefore a clear need for small scale electricity production has been identified. For this reason it was chosen to investigate this need closer and examine how a small-scale vertical axis wind turbine designed by InnovEd would meet the demand; also to identify suitable sites as well as purchase and maintenance schemes to promote wind turbines or other similar off-grid renewable energy solutions in rural Namibia. Additionally, an identification of possible variations and sensitivity of wind turbine performance and guidance and recommendation for future work were desired. In this study it was chosen to follow a grounded theory where the qualitative data was collected through interviews and general observations during a field trip in northern Namibia. The data were collected for two months in collaboration with the Creative Entrepreneurs Solutions. The results showed that the demand for electricity in rural areas was large but that a small amount of electricity can make a big difference to primarily run the most important devices. Lighting turned out to be most significant for the respondents, even if they would like to run all sorts of electrical equipment for everything if given a reliable and low-cost energy supply. This was in line with the literature that shows that it is normally the next step after meeting the most basic needs. It showed also that the price of electricity was of utmost importance for the local population. Finally, the authors recommend continuing to involve the users in the next stages of development where the major step would be to test the product with the users and to develop reasonable pricing and maintenance procedures. This should be followed by the creation of a local business and production plan for such products to reach a wider market as soon as possible."</text>
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                <text>Martin Koskela, Emil Uman</text>
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                <text>http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A808505&amp;dswid=8724</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>The Ovambogefahr: The Ovamboland Reservation in the Making - Political Responses of the Kingdom of Ondonga to the German Colonial Power, 1884-1910</text>
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                <text>Martti Eirola</text>
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                  <text>This Collection holds digitized finding aids from various archives around the world with holdings pertaining to Namibian studies. I am in favor of digitizing finding aids, as opposed to archival materials, because it can help the researcher decide if he/she wishes to visit the archives. Digitizing archival materials for the web is a very different story because it tends to lead to researchers avoiding archives entirely if digital sources are possible.&#13;
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Note: Finding Aids from the Basler Afrika Bibliographien are NOT in this collection, you can find them archived in the B.A.B. collection</text>
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                <text>"The project, 'Namibiana in Finland' was divided into two branches. The first of these, being the proper documentation part of the project, consists of the inventory and cataloging of the Finnish archival records and literature on Namibia. The other branch includes the transfer of the information concerning Namibia from Finland to the UNIN in Lusaka, Zambia. This is possible through microfilming the material for the Institute, fro both that part of the archival material as well as the older literature." "This guide is aimed at being a practical tool for researchers when using Finnish sources on Namibia. This favours both Finnish and foreign users since the work has been compiled bilingually, in Finnish and English."</text>
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                <text>"The starting point of this study were the discussions among the Finnish research-workers interested in Africa. On the basis of the above description, they felt it necessary to start an interdisciplinary program into the former South West Africa. Preparations continued in March 1981, when the Scandinavian Institute of African Studies organized a Seminar in Espoo on the topic "Namibia and the Nordic Countries". The next step was taken in May 1982, when the Institute of Developing Studies and the Scandinavian Institute of African Studies arranged in Hyytiälä a meeting of Africa research in Finland."</text>
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                <text>University of Joensuu</text>
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                  <text>Kyoto University</text>
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                <text>CHANGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE !NARA PLANT THAT AFFECT THE LIFE OF THE TOPNAAR PEOPLE IN THE LOWER KUISEB RIVER, NAMIB DESERT</text>
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                <text>The !Nara plant is endemic to the central Namib Desert. The Topnaar people, who live along the Kuiseb River, use this plant in their daily lives, as it serves as a vital source of income, nutrition, and traditional culture. !Nara is virtually the only food source of the Topnaar during harvest time, and cash can be obtained by selling the seeds of the !Nara fruit. In fact, 40% of Topnaar harvesters have no other source of income. A fl ood protection wall was built in 1961 to protect Walvis Bay from flood damage, and a tributary that once flowed to the town was dammed as a result. A large percentage of !Nara was killed, and the crop yield decreased dramatically. The loss of floodwaters following the construction of the wall likely resulted in a decreased moisture supply, causing !Nara vegetation to suffer. It is probably difficult for seeds to germinate owing to the decreased flooding erosion, the increased accumulation of sand, and the lowered groundwater table.</text>
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                <text>Masaaki ITO</text>
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                <text>African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2005), 30: 65-75</text>
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                <text>http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/68460</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>Mining and Sustainability? Systems and Stakeholder Analyses of Uranium Mining in Namibia</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis - "Roughly 10% of the Namibian GDP and over 40% of total exports are dependent on the mining sector. Namibia is one of the five leading uranium producing countries worldwide withperspectives to triple the production in the following years. This study aims to identify the implications to sustainable development of the country carried by such a strategy to stimulate the economic growth.The complexity of the issue is addressed by an interdisciplinary set of methods leading to a better understanding of processes linking uranium mining in Namibia with the environment, society and the global economy. Regulatory, trade and production systems are outlined and assessed, after which a stakeholder analysis is conducted in order to determine who are the most influential actors as well as parties affected by the uranium production in Namibia. The results reveal a great dependence of the Namibian uranium mining sector on external factors, with the government perceived as the most affected stakeholder."</text>
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                <text>Mateusz Pietrzela</text>
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                <text>http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Auu%3Adiva-204172</text>
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                <text>Nakambale: The Life of Dr. Martin Rautanen</text>
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                <text>"Nakambale is a gripping description of SWA History (1869-1926) describing the life of Martin (Martti) Rautanen, a young Finnish man, come to work in the Northern part of the country as one of the first Finnish missionaries. He lived and worked in the country for 56 years. The book describes the meeting and interaction of two very different cultures. Life was hard and insecure in the days when people travelled with ox-wagons, tribal kings were suspicious of white people, tribal feuds were commonplace, and only some Germans had reached Hereroland." "Professor Matti Peltola paints us a picture of how the local kings took the poor 'teachers' under the administration of their kingdoms. Their lives were in danger many times and they finally learnt how to survive and become part of the country. The book is also an exciting and compelling description of the fate of the early Finnish Missionaries in SWA." "The book is a historical work and an exciting and interesting story of Martin Rautanen's life and career. It is a well researched biographical study which is based on Rautanen's diaries."</text>
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                <text>© FELM, Peltola</text>
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                <text>Public Health, Science and the Economy : The onto-politics of traditional medicine in Namibia</text>
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                <text>PhD Dissertation - "This is an ethnographic and discourse analytical study into the onto-politics of traditional medicine in Namibia. The discourses and practices that shape, make and imagine traditional medicine at the international, national and individual level are examined. Traditional medicine in this study is not something that can be discovered, institutionalised, controlled and improved to be part of the modern Namibian state. Instead, traditional medicine is created through the multiple ways, in which Namibians and others already engage, to define what it is and what role it can officially play. It is not a system that consists of traditional healers, their practices and the natural resources they utilise, but it entails practices and discourses of the state, researchers, aid and non-governmental organisations, the private sector and the Namibian society at large. Traditional medicine is a product of international, national, local and individual utterances and practices, and it feeds into the imaginary space of a developed and modern Namibia. Methodologically, this thesis departs from conventional research into traditional medicine in Africa, which primarily focuses on in-depth studies of individual healers practices. These are framed either as cultural-specific therapeutic methods, as individual herbal medical exercises based on plants containing active compounds for potential new drugs, or as occult practices within the realm of witchcraft. This study deflects from the conceptualisation of traditional medicine as a traditional healing practice that is local or individual, and distinctly African. Instead, it seeks to ontologically re-define and re-politicise traditional medicine and to bring it into the wider global formations of subjects and objects in the field of health, sciences, and politics. This is achieved by decentring and deconstructing traditional medicine as a folk category that receives meaning either as a national cultural heritage, an alternative medical system, as a traditional knowledge system, or as an anti-witchcraft practice. The respective discourses and practices on international, national and individual level are analysed through applying the Logics and Critical Explanation (LCE) approach by Jason Glynos and David Howarth, which draws from Foucauldian genealogy, Derridan deconstruction and Lacanian psychoanalysis. To this was added the insights by Lene Hansen s discourse analysis, Homi Bhabha s concept of mimicry, and Gayatri Spivak s subaltern. The data of this study is based on five months of ethnographic fieldwork in Namibia, mostly Windhoek, and poststructural discourse analyses of policy documents. The study s results indicate that traditional medicine in Namibia is discursively split between culture and knowledge. What is envisioned, negotiated and created is a traditional medicine that is, on the one hand, a cultural artefact, a traditional heritage that is part of a national and African identity. It is something that can be staged, exhibited and celebrated. On the other hand, it is a knowledge resource that, once appropriated and tested, is subsumed under biomedical knowledge and practice or under the economic system with the aim to improve and develop Namibia. Traditional medicinal knowledge, therefore, transforms into scientific knowledge or a potential commodity governed by the state. Knowledge that is considered profitable and true is transferred to other systems of knowledge and practices, relinquishing traditional medicine to performances of culture and traditions with traditional healers as main actors. At the national and international level, traditional healers are spoken for and about. They remain in a subaltern position in Namibia. Despite using subjectivities and objectivities created by these discourses and practices for their own advantages, traditional healers do not have the power to change and forge traditional medicine in Namibia according to their imaginations and preferences. Instead, they inhabit and claim for themselves the discursive field that is outside of official and state discourse and practices: witchcraft. On the basis of its ethnographic material this study proposes to read witchcraft discourse as a re-/deflection of the fantasies of development that is, of a healthy Namibian population, economic development and independence, and the development of a modern democratic nation state. Traditional medicine articulated as an anti-witchcraft practice, therefore, addresses the negative side-effects and by-products of social and economic development and its failures. By decentring and deconstructing traditional medicine at international and national level, this study reveals the phantasmagorical and arbitrary character of the various constructions. The occult aspects, which are generally considered beyond reason and an uneasy fit, become just one of the imaginative and performative aspects of traditional medicine . Traditional medicine and its occult aspects, therefore, are not relics from the past. On the contrary, traditional medicine as a folk category is already an integral aspect of contemporary international and national imaginations in the context of health and development."</text>
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                <text>Maylin Meincke</text>
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                <text>https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/158962</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;The Namibia Institute for Democracy (NID), founded in 1991, implements a range of civic education, civil society development, socio-political survey and research and anti-corruption programs in Namibia. Funded by a variety of donors, these programs all aim to strengthen civil society and the public’s capacity to interact with government at all levels in an informed manner, to strengthen democratic institutions, and to provide opportunities for the exchange of public opinion and the support of public debate. In this process, the NID consults with the government, civil society, interest groups, political parties, the media, institutional authorities and private citizens in the design and implementation of its programs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Through its regional office, the NID also provides a range of additional services to local and international non-governmental, academic, training and service institutions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Publications archived in this repository are issued by the NID and are free to download on their website. All copyrights are theirs. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>The Publications archived in this repository are issued by the NID and are free to download on their website. All copyrights are theirs.</text>
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                <text>Merab Kambamu Kiremire</text>
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                <text>Namibia Institute for Democracy &amp; Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung</text>
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                <text>© Namibia Institute for Democracy &amp; Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung</text>
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                <text>http://www.nid.org.na/images/pdf/analysis_views/Prostitution_in_Windhoek.pdf</text>
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                  <text>Legal Assistance Centre</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;From the Legal Assistance Centre's Website:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;"The LAC's main objective is to protect the human rights of all Namibians. It is the only organisation of its kind in Namibia. It has a head office in Windhoek, Namibia's capital, along with two regional offices. It is funded by national and international donor organisations as well as individuals. Its work is supervised by the Legal Assistance Trust, whose trustees include legal practitioners, other professionals and community leaders.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It works in five broad areas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/about/default.html#litigation"&gt;Litigation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/about/default.html#info"&gt;Information and Advice&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/about/default.html#education"&gt;Education and Training&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/about/default.html#research"&gt;Research&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/about/default.html#lawreform"&gt;Law Reform and Advocacy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Litigation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Legal Assistance Centre is a public interest law firm based in Windhoek.The LAC only takes on public interest cases. A public interest case is a legal case which will have a wider impact on the community than just assisting the individual concerned. Such a case may establish a new legal rule, which will change the law for the entire country or address a discriminatory policy or practice. Or it may attract attention to a problem that is affecting many people.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Examples of cases taken up by the Legal Assistance Centre include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The right of a school learner to return to school after her child was born&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The right of an accused in a complicated criminal trial to obtain legal aid&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The right of a widow to keep the land she lived on during her marriage after the death of her husband&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The right of a HIV-positive person not to be dismissed from employment based on their HIV status&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Even if we cannot help you with your case, we may be able to give you information on your rights and on steps you can take to help yourself.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Legal Information and Advice&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We provide legal information and advice on human rights in the following areas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/projects/alu/aluobjective.html"&gt;HIV/AIDS&lt;/a&gt; - including advice on what to do if you are discriminated against, information on workplace policies, access to treatment for HIV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/projects/grap/grapobjective.html"&gt;Gender Equality&lt;/a&gt; - including information on rape, domestic violence, sexual harassment in the workplace, inheritance, marriage, divorce and maintenance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/projects/huricon/huriconobjective.html"&gt;Human Rights and the Constitution&lt;/a&gt; - such as the right to basic education, the right to health, citizenship, immigration issues and the right not to be tortured or ill-treated.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/projects/lead/leadobjective.html"&gt;Land, Environment and Development &lt;/a&gt;- including inheritance, conservancies, illegal fencing, environmental issues, and issues affecting especially disadvantaged groups such as the Himba and the San.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you want to speak to a paralegal about a legal issue you are concerned about, phone us at +264-61-22-3356 or come to the office at 4 Korner Street, Windhoek. The office is open from Monday to Friday, 08h00-11h30, and 14h00-16h00.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Education and Training&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We also run training workshops for communities and service providers (such as legal officials, traditional leaders, school principals, police and social workers) on:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Gender - friendly laws including rape and domestic violence&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Communal Land Reform Act and conservancy-related legislation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;HIV/AIDS and rights, including children’s rightsB&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Basic human rights training&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Research&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;The LAC also carries out research, particularly on the need for new laws and the implementation of existing laws. Some recent research reports which are available are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;HIV/AIDS and Prisoners’ Rights in Namibia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infanticide &amp;amp; Baby Dumping in Namibia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Land Reform: A look into Namibia's first court case on land expropriation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Law Reform and Advocacy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We advocate for law reform based on our research. Recent laws which the LAC&lt;br /&gt;contributed to and advocated for are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Combating of Rape Act&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Combating of Domestic Violence Act&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Maintenance Act&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Non discrimination on the basis of HIV in the Labour Act&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Free of Charge&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All our services are free of charge (with the exception of litigation where certain costs may be recovered the client may be asked to contribute certain costs, depending&lt;br /&gt;on the circumstances)."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection showcases some of the free-download books, briefings, and documents from the LAC in Windhoek.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>© Legal Assistance Centre. Files directly from LAC website, all rights theirs</text>
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                <text>Customary Laws on Inheritance in Namibia: Issues and Questions for Consideration in Developing New Legislation</text>
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                <text>1. GENERAL APPROACH: We recommend that Namibia’s approach to inheritance should be to retain a dual system which incorporates the positive aspects of customary law whilst at the same time ensuring respect for all constitutional rights. As a practical approach, to ensure equitable economic protection of vulnerable women and children, we propose transforming some inheritance issues into issues of maintenance. The following is a summary of the basic approach that we recommend. More detail and additional recommendations are included in Chapter 10 of the report. 2. DISTRIBUTION OF INTESTATE ESTATES: Allow for fragmentation of the estate, to make provision for inheritance by the surviving spouse(s) and children, and also the primary customary law heir or heirs (ie the person or persons who would otherwise have enjoyed preference based on their status within a particular kinship system). The definition of ‘customary law heir(s)’ must be worded in a broad and general manner to allow for differential application in different kinship systems. If there is no customary law heir (as in the case of families who do not follow customary law), then this aspect of the scheme would simply fall away. Other potential beneficiaries to whom the deceased would have owed a duty of support should not be included in the distribution scheme, but should claim maintenance from the estate if necessary. This wider pool of potential beneficiaries should be eligible to receive portions of the estate as heirs only in the absence of a surviving spouse and/or children. One advantage of this option is that it provides a uniform approach for all persons in Namibia, whilst still providing an avenue to respect the different customs of different communities. It might, however, be necessary to qualify such an approach by stating in the law that no discriminatory rules of customary law will be enforced by the state. 3. MAINTENANCE FROM THE DECEASED’S ESTATE: Provision should be made for dependants, based on their reasonable maintenance needs, to apply for maintenance within a prescribed period. Maintenance should be available to all dependents of the deceased whose reasonable maintenance needs are not adequately provided for by will or in terms of intestate succession rules. Dependants should be defined broadly to include the surviving spouse and children, as well as any other person who was actually dependant on the deceased at the time of the deceased’s death. Providing maintenance for dependents in this way would ensure that the most needy family members are provided for, and would probably avert many disputes about inheritance. 4. DEFINITION OF ‘SURVIVING SPOUSE’: It is recommended that the term ‘surviving spouse’ be defined broadly to include surviving partners in long-standing informal relationships and surviving partners in past or future polygamous marriages. 5. PROPERTY GRABBING: The proposed law should make property grabbing a criminal offence with stiff penalties, and provide restitution or compensation for the victim. 6. ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES: We recommend that the Master’s Office be decentralised, and that the Administration of Estates Act 66 of 1965, appropriately amended, be made applicable to all estates.</text>
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                <text>Mercedes Ovis &amp; Robert J Gordon</text>
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                <text>© Legal Assistance Centre, 2005</text>
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                <text>http://www.lac.org.na/projects/grap/Pdf/custinh.pdf</text>
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        <name>Mercedes Ovis</name>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>ALIENATION, CONSCIOUSNESS, AND RECLAIMING: THE TRAJECTORY OF THE VISUAL ARTS IN NAMIBIAN NATION BUILDING</text>
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                <text>PhD Dissertation (History of Art) - "This dissertation examines the trajectory of Namibian art during the country's multiple phases of nationalism from 1946 to 2003. Nationalism, an ideological construct that posits unified national identity and a concomitant right to political autonomy, is manifested in the visual arts through specific subject mater and styles, which often combine indigenous symbols with modern vernacular. I argue that Namibian art developed along two distinct paths, each with its own symbols, subject matter, and styles. Black and white artist drew on their separate African and European heritages in order to assert the superiority of their own culture to reinforce or combat apartheid ideology. Chapter one of the dissertation contains an overview of Namibia's apartheid history and outlines three phases of Namibian nation building. In chapter two, the use of landscape painting by European colonists in a way that erased indigenous history and culture is considered. Chapter three explores the work of John Muafangejo, whose linocuts mark the emergence of a subject matter focusing on the history and culture of black Namibians. Chapter four discusses the development of Afrocentric subject matter by Joseph Madisia and others and examines the arts policies of the resistance movement (SWAPO), which were directed at the development of black consciousness as an aid to nation building. Part fives examines post-independence Namibian art and confirms the continuation of racially separate, culturally driven subject matter without recognizable nation symbols, even after the formation of the modern nation."</text>
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                <text>Meredith Palumbo</text>
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                <text>Indiana University</text>
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        <name>Black Consciousness</name>
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        <name>John Muafangejo</name>
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        <name>Joseph Madisa</name>
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        <name>Meredith Palumbo</name>
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        <name>Nationalism</name>
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        <name>SWAPO</name>
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                  <text>Dissertations on Namibia</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>The Evolution of Marginal-Marine Systems of the Amibberg Formation, Karasburg Basin, Southern Namibia: Implications for Early-Middle Permian Palaeography in South Western Gondwana</text>
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                <text>M.A. Dissertation - The Karasburg Basin is situated in southern Namibia and preserves a heterogeneous succession of Karoo Supergroup strata up to 1000m thick. The uppermost preserved succession in this basin is the Amibberg Formation which is 250m thick and consists of intervals of sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. This study uses facies analysis, sequence stratigraphy and petrography to determine the palaeogeography and provenance for the Amibberg Formation. This is then used to establish environmental variability across the Karasburg – Aranos – Main Karoo basins and to define an equivalent of the Amibberg Formation in the Main Karoo Basin. Detailed stratigraphic logging of five outcrop localities has led to the identification of seven distinct lithofacies and two dominant ichnofacies (Cruziana and Skolithos). These lithofacies include: 1) Massive, laminated and bioturbated mudstones interpreted as offshore deposits (OS); 2) Bioturbated siltstones and sandstones which are representative of offshore-transitional environments (OST); 3) Interbedded sandstones and siltstones also interpreted as offshore-transitional deposits (OST) and generated by river-fed hyperpycnal plumes; 4) Sharp based, massive sandstones interpreted as being deposited on the distal lower shoreface (dLSF); 5) Non-amalgamated hummocky cross-stratified (HCS) and wave rippled sandstones interpreted as distal lower shoreface deposits (dLSF); 6) Amalgamated HCS and wave rippled sandstones interpreted as proximal lower shoreface deposits (pLSF); and 7) Soft-sediment deformed (SSD) sandstones and siltstones occurring in close juxtaposition with dLSF and pLSF deposits. The vertical arrangement of these lithofacies shows a general coarsening and shallowing upward trend. Overall the rocks of the Amibberg Formation consist of wave-dominated shoreface deposits with significant influence by tidal processes. Petrographically, the sandstone samples fall into the class of quartz and feldspathic wackes and are sourced from craton interior provenances. Geochemical analysis of mudstones and nodules indicate high levels of microbial activity under predominantly oxic conditions during the deposition of the Amibberg Formation. Five poorly defined 4th order T-R cycles are observable within the strata of the Amibberg Formation. Large regressive intervals are capped by thin transgressive tracts and these cycles are interpreted to have formed due to eustatic processes. Overall, the Amibberg Formation represents a regressive shoreline. Based on the mean palaeocurrent vectors a NNE-SSW palaeoshoreline orientation is deduced and the shoreface must have occupied a palaeohigh on the northern side of the western Cargonian Highlands. This emergent highland acted as an extensive headland and assisted in the connectivity of the Karasburg and Aranos basins, with partial connectivity with the Main Karoo Basin during the Early Permian. Based on this study, the Amibberg Formation is considered an equivalent of the Waterford Formation in the Main Karoo Basin based on similar: stratigraphic position; thickness; sedimentary structures; trace fossil assemblages and stacking patterns.</text>
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                <text>Michael Berti</text>
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                <text>University of the Witwatersrand</text>
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        <name>Amibberg Formation</name>
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                  <text>This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find.&#13;
&#13;
Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster.</text>
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                <text>Die Nama unter Deutscher Kolonialherrschaft</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Beschreibung:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Hendrik Witbooi und Theodor Leutwein - das sind die zentralen Figuren auf Seiten der Nama und der Deutschen im Zeitraum 1884-1904. Sie kämpften gegeneinander und sie kämpften miteinander. Und sie hatten gegenseitigen Respekt voreinander. Wie sah es generell in Deutsch-Südwestafrika zwischen Nama und Deutschen aus? Das vorliegende Buch untersucht diese Frage auf mehreren Ebenen. Die Bereiche Wirtschaft, Militär, persönliche Kontakte und Gerichtsbarkeit werden unvoreingenommen und neutral untersucht. Mit teilweise überraschenden Ergebnissen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Inhalt:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;1. Einleitung und Zielsetzung&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;2. Die Nama in der präkolonialen Zeit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;2.1 Begriffe, Definitionen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;2.2 Die Wanderungen der Nama und deren Gründe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;2.3 Die soziale Organisation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;2.3.1. Die Einflussnahme der Missionsgesellschaften&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;2.3.2. Machtverhältnisse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;2.4 Die Wirtschaft&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;2.4.1 Alternative Wertschöpfungsmöglichkeiten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;2.4.2 Auswirkungen des Handels&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;2.5 Die Raubzüge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3. Kontaktfelder Nama - Deutsche&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.1 Die Grundlagen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.2 Das Land&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.3 Die Schutzverträge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.3.1 Versuch der Instrumentalisierung der Deutschen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.3.2 Einflussnahme der Missionare&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.3.3 Weigerung zum Vertragsabschluss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.4 Das Militär&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.4.1 Reaktion auf Stammesebene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.4.2 Heeresfolge von Nama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.5 Die Wirtschaft&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.5.1. Konkurrenz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.5.2. Neue Wertschöpfungsmöglichkeiten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.6 Persönliche Kontakte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.6.1 Kontakte auf Entscheidungsträger-Ebene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.6.2 Kontakte auf anderen Ebenen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.7 Die Gerichtsbarkeit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;4. Kollaboration und Widerstand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;4.1 Die Kollaboration&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;4.2 Der Widerstand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;5. Fazit, Schlussbemerkungen und Alternativen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;6. Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;7. Kartennachweis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Karte 1: Afrika vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Karte 2: Die Siedlungsgebiete der Stämme um 1890&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;8. Bilder&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Michael Vaupel</text>
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                <text>Namibia Scientific Society</text>
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                <text>Michael Vaupel, 2011</text>
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                <text>German</text>
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        <name>German Colonialism</name>
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        <name>Michael Vaupel</name>
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        <name>Nama</name>
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        <name>Namibia Scientific Society</name>
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        <name>Southern Namibia</name>
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                  <text>Nordic Africa Institute</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1962, the Nordic Africa Institute (Nordiska Afrikainstitutet) is a center for research, documentation and information on modern Africa in the Nordic region. Based in Uppsala, Sweden, the Institute is dedicated to providing timely, critical and alternative research and analysis of Africa in the Nordic countries and to strengthen the co-operation between African and Nordic researchers.</text>
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                  <text>http://www.nai.uu.se/</text>
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              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                  <text>© Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the NAI website. All rights are theirs.</text>
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                <text>Music as instrument of diversity and unity : notes on a Namibian landscape</text>
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                <text>This report explores the interface between recent socio-political changes in Namibia, and the way they are reflected in emergent musical practices and identities within the country. The potential tension between unity and diversity is investigated within musical landscapes in traditional and contemporary frames. Sadly, diversity is often seen to be the precursor of divisiveness rather than a product of human creativity and ingenuity. Based on a decade of field research undertaken mainly in the north and central areas of Namibia since 1993, this report poses questions about fundamental purposes of music-making, and the conscious response of people to the contemporary Namibian socio-political situation. It provides a broad overview of music emanating from different cultural practices in Namibia, and relates this to the State's political strategies for ensuring unity and nation-building through policy-making, education and broadcast media. The changes that occur in musical practices are seen as strategic cultural choices and ongoing identity-formation.</text>
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                <text>Minette Mans</text>
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                <text>Nordic Africa Institute</text>
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                <text>© Nordiska Afrikainstitutet</text>
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                <text>2003</text>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>http://nai.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:241400/FULLTEXT01.pdf</text>
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        <name>Diversity</name>
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        <name>education</name>
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        <name>Liberation War</name>
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        <name>Minette Mans</name>
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        <name>Music</name>
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        <name>Namibia</name>
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        <name>Nordic Africa Institute</name>
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