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                  <text>Namibia Institute for Democracy</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;The Namibia Institute for Democracy (NID), founded in 1991, implements a range of civic education, civil society development, socio-political survey and research and anti-corruption programs in Namibia. Funded by a variety of donors, these programs all aim to strengthen civil society and the public’s capacity to interact with government at all levels in an informed manner, to strengthen democratic institutions, and to provide opportunities for the exchange of public opinion and the support of public debate. In this process, the NID consults with the government, civil society, interest groups, political parties, the media, institutional authorities and private citizens in the design and implementation of its programs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Through its regional office, the NID also provides a range of additional services to local and international non-governmental, academic, training and service institutions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Publications archived in this repository are issued by the NID and are free to download on their website. All copyrights are theirs. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>The Publications archived in this repository are issued by the NID and are free to download on their website. All copyrights are theirs.</text>
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                <text>Regional Councils and Decentralisation: At the Crossroads</text>
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                <text>A review of the progress made by the decentralization policy and of Regional Council’s track records. 1. Introduction 2. Historical context 3. The implementation phase 3.1 Progress since 2000 3.2 Impediments in the way 4. Political considerations 5. Conclusions</text>
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                <text>Graham Hopwood</text>
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                <text>Namibia Institute for Democracy &amp; Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung</text>
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                <text>© Namibia Institute for Democracy &amp; Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung</text>
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                <text>http://www.nid.org.na/images/pdf/analysis_views/Regional_Councils_and_decentralization.pdf</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC) - A CASE STUDY OF NAMIBIA’S CROSS BORDER MIGRATION ISSUES IN OSHIKANGO</text>
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                <text>PhD in Public Administration: University of Namibia - "The main objective of this dissertation was to investigate issues of cross-border migration and their effects on the project of SADC regional integration. The principal theoretical grounding comes from theories on migration, inclusive of their gender perspectives. Inclusive in this framework were perspectives of regionalism and its subsets of regionalisation, regional cooperation, regional integration and regional awareness/identity. The dissertation also examined competing theoretical approaches to regional integration, among these, federalism, functionalism, neo-functionalism and inter-governmentalism, to determine a model to achieving a political community at the end of the SADC integration process. Based on these theories the study investigated the extent to which the grassroots communities were involved in the SADC regionalisation process. Indicators, in this regard, were the SADC Protocol for the Free Movement of Persons of 1995 and its successor, the SADC Protocol for the Facilitation of Free Movement of Persons of 1997, which all failed. The dissertation traced the background of regional integration at the global, continental and regional level and compared scenarios especially on cross-border migration issues. A qualitative research design in the form of a case study of Oshikango informed the collection of the data. The data were gathered about the distribution of variables such as the grassroots community’s understanding and attitudes towards implications of cross border migration as measured against the SADC project of regional integration. Other important variables that were illuminated by the investigation techniques are gender, age and education level of respondents. Informed by this investigation and based on the Oshikango case study this dissertation has arrived at the conclusion that SADC is currently unable to achieve its goal of regulating free movement of persons in the region. The problem seems to be that since SADC is a state-based regime, member states take their refuge in the doctrine of state sovereignty, often at the expense of the common regional agenda. In other words they talk regionalism, but they act nationally. Consequently, SADC is an example of shallow integration with limited involvement of civil society and local communities. Thus, cross-border migration control in the region is an issue that will have to be resolved. Informed by these conclusions, this dissertation leads to recommendations for the acceleration of trans-frontier spatial development, such as parks and development corridors. The SADC Forum for Traditional Authorities should also be established to further deepen trans-border interaction and facilitate intra-regional migration management."</text>
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                <text>Andrew Niikondo</text>
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                <text>Reintegration as Recognition: Ex-combatant and veteran politics in Namibia</text>
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                <text>PhD Dissertation - "This is a study of Namibian ex-combatant and veteran policies after the country s transition to independence in 1990. Instead of assessing the successfulness of reintegration against its stated objectives or the perspective of post-conflict policy discourses, it examines the politics of reintegration as a process of multiform negotiation over recognition and entitlements for the ex-combatants, and political authority and legitimacy for party and government leaders. The study interrogates the ways in which this process reflects and contributes to postcolonial Namibian politics, state formation and citizenship. It is based on nine months of fieldwork in 2002, 2003 and 2009 and its main sources include ethnographic observation, life historical interviews with ex-combatants, thematic interviews with politicians and civil servants, grey literature as well as Namibian newspapers and internet sources. The study finds that instead of being a neutral exercise in post-conflict management and peacebuilding, Namibian reintegration has been motivated by more exclusive ideas of the nation and by the special bond between the ruling party and the former liberation movement Swapo and its formerly exiled cadres. This close tie and the characterization of Swapo combatants as heroes who hold a special place in the Namibian narrative of national liberation have repeatedly enabled Swapo ex-combatants to demand recognition, employment, monetary compensation and other benefits. Coupled with this, the relative strength of the Namibian state and economy has made it possible to plan and implement ex-combatant reintegration as a predominantly domestic process without the close involvement of international agencies. Hence, it has been possible to diverge from mainstream disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes and attempt to solve the ex-combatant question by broad-based public employment. After most ex-combatants were employed in the late 1990s and early 2000s, however, their demands and policy responses shifted towards monetary compensation. The domestic character of Namibian reintegration also made it possible to implement ex-combatant and veteran policies selectively so that former Swapo exiles have gradually been transformed into an officially recognized group of veterans while their former enemies, Namibian fighters of South African surrogate forces, have been sidelined. This process of domestically driven, selective reintegration has multiple broad implications. First, as Namibia has recently emerged from a long period of violent conflict, security concerns and the imperative to control organized violence are clearly visible. The targeting of Swapo ex-combatants in reintegration and their recruitment to the public service, particularly the uniformed services, have relinked their fates with that of the Swapo government, pacifying them and making them useful in consolidating the hold of the regime over the security agencies and the marginal and frontier areas and populations. Indeed, a key reason why the demand politics of the ex-combatants have been so successful is that their interests have been largely congruent with the perceived interests of the political elite. Second, the tendency of Namibian reintegration to entrench involvement in liberationist history as a criterion of full membership in the political community, creating an ever-widening circle of veterans versus others, provides and interesting comparison with struggles over recognition and citizenship elsewhere in Africa which are often framed in terms of language, religion, ethnicity, race or historical origins. The movements thus generated may adopt anti-national stances but they are as likely to seek to reformulate and colonize nationalism itself. Namibian ex-combatant reintegration, on the other hand, exemplifies a situation where nationalism as a supposedly unifying force still has salience but has been appropriated by a particular narrative of belonging. Thus, instead of representing a break from inclusive citizenship towards increasingly codified particular identities that compete within the national space, the Namibian case demonstrates the coexistence of a legal concept of universal national citizenship with a pervasive ideology of national belonging. The latter, however, inherently contradicts the supposed universalism of legal citizenship. The long-term effects of Namibian veteran politics remain to be seen. On the one hand, the aim to reconcile and build a nation, evident in some of the decisions and statements associated with reintegration as well as in Namibian political discourse more generally, is countered by the persistence of pre-independence political logics and divisions, and a concentration of power according to liberationist fault lines. It is not surprising that a militant version of nationalism seems appealing to certain political elites in their bid to justify the current regime and entrench their own positions in it. On the other hand, in the long run the politics of ex-combatants and veterans may also offer a template for more broad-based demands that question entrenched patterns of economic and political privilege, and provoke responses that may lead towards more inclusive citizenship and more broadly legitimate authority. Tässä väitöskirjassa on tutkittu entisiä taistelijoita ja sotaveteraaneja koskevaa politiikkaa Namibiassa, eteläisessä Afrikassa. Entisten taistelijoiden reintegrointi eli sopeuttaminen yhteiskuntaan on nykyään oleellinen osa konfliktien jälkeisten yhteiskuntien jälleenrakennusohjelmia. Työssä ei kuitenkaan tarkastella namibialaista entisiä taistelijoita ja veteraaneja koskevaa politiikkaa ohjelmallisten onnistumisten tai epäonnistumisten näkökulmasta vaan osana laajempia valtionmuodostukseen ja kansalaisuuteen vaikuttavia poliittisia kehityskulkuja. Namibialainen veteraanipolitiikka näyttäytyy monimuotoisena ja pitkäaikaisena neuvotteluna toisaalta entisten taistelijoiden ja veteraanien ja toisaalta hallinnon ja valtapuolueen edustajien välillä, jossa yhteiskuntarauhaa ja poliittisen vallan oikeutusta on ostettu veteraanien tunnustamisella ja heille tarjotuilla eduilla. Työ perustuu yhteensä yhdeksän kuukauden kenttätyöhön Namibiassa vuosina 2002, 2003 ja 2009. Sen pääasiallisina lähteinä on käytetty etnografisia havaintoja, elämäntarinahaastatteluita, teemahaastatteluita, virallisia dokumentteja ja namibialaista mediaa. Työssä päädytään siihen, että entisiä taistelijoita koskeva yhteiskuntapolitiikka Namibiassa ei edusta neutraalia hallinnointia ja rauhanrakennusta, vaan juontuu maan lähihistoriasta kumpuavasta poissulkevasta kansallisuusaatteen tulkinnasta ja vapautusliikkeestä valtapuolueeksi muuntuneen Swapon ja sen maanpaossa eläneiden jäsenten välisestä pitkäaikaisesta erityissuhteesta. Tämä suhde ja Swapon veteraanien asema sankareina puolueen vaalimassa kansallisen vapautuksen tarinassa on yhä uudelleen suonut tälle veteraaniryhmälle mahdollisuuden vaatia tunnustusta, työtä, rahakorvauksia ja muita etuja. Koska Namibian valtion ja talouden suhteellinen vahvuus on tarjonnut maan hallinnolle vapauden suunnitella ja toteuttaa entisiä taistelijoita ja veteraaneja koskevaa politiikkaa verrattain itsenäisesti ja ilman mittavaa ulkopuolista puuttumista, pystyttiin Namibiassa poikkeamaan entisten taistelijoiden sopeuttamisen kansainvälisestä valtavirrasta tarjoamalla heille julkisen sektorin työpaikkoja. Laajamittainen työllistäminen ei kuitenkaan johtanut veteraanien vaatimusten loppumiseen vaan siirsi niiden painopisteen työstä rahakorvauksiin. Namibialaisen veteraanipolitiikan kotoperäisyys on tehnyt mahdolliseksi myös sen valikoivan toteuttamisen; Swapon veteraaneista on vähitellen tullut vakiintunut, merkittävä intressiryhmä kun puolestaan heidän sodanaikaiset vihollisensa eli Etelä-Afrikan miehityshallinnon riveissä taistelleet namibialaiset ovat jääneet enimmäkseen syrjään. Yllämainituilla namibialaisen veteraanipolitiikan toteutustavoilla on merkittäviä seurauksia. Ensinnäkin, Namibian itsenäistyminen pitkän väkivaltaisen konfliktin jälkeen ja siihen liittynyt poliittisen vallan vaihtuminen teki turvallisuudesta ja järjestyksestä keskeisiä kysymyksiä. Kohdistamalla veteraanipolitiikkansa ensisijaisesti omiin maanpaossa eläneisiin jäseniinsä ja työllistämällä heidät julkiselle sektorille, suureksi osaksi poliisiin ja asevoimiin, Swapon hallinto on sitouttanut heitä itseensä. Työllistäminen on myös kanavoinut heidän kykyään järjestäytyneen väkivallan käyttöön sellaisin tavoin, jotka ovat palvelleet valtion ja valtapuolueen vallan vakiinnuttamista alueilla, joilla se on aikaisemmin ollut heikko. Yksi olennainen syy sille, miksi Swapon veteraanit ovat toistuvasti saaneet vaatimuksensa hyväksytyiksi onkin ollut se, että heidän intressinsä ovat usein langenneet yksiin nykyisen poliittisen eliitin intressien kanssa. Toiseksi, namibialaisen veteraanipolitiikan taipumus nostaa osallisuus vapaustaistelun historiaan poliittisen yhteisön täyden tai etuoikeutetun jäsenyyden ehdoksi ja siihen liittyvä veteraaniuden vähittäinen laajeneminen koskemaan yhä useampia ryhmiä tarjoaa mielenkiintoisen vertailukohdan kansalaisuutta koskeviin kamppailuihin muualla Afrikassa. Näiden kamppailujen ilmiasu perustuu usein kielellisiin, uskonnollisiin tai etnisiin erotteluihin tai paikalliseen alkuperään. Niissä saatetaan omaksua sellaisia erityisiä identiteettejä, jotka vastustavat jotain olemassa olevaa kansakunnan mallia, mutta ne saattavat myös pyrkiä määrittelemään kansallisuuden ja kansalaisuuden kriteerit uudelleen. Namibialainen veteraanipolitiikka puolestaan ilmentää tilannetta, jossa ajatuksella yhtenäisestä kansakunnasta on edelleen huomattava poliittinen merkitys, mutta se kansallisen vapautuksen kertomus, jolla tuo kansakunta on historiallisesti kuviteltu tarjoaa tietyille ryhmille toisia paremmat mahdollisuudet käytännössä sitoutua ja kuulua siihen. Toisin sanoen tämä namibialainen tapaus ei edusta yleisen ja yhtäläisen kansalaisuuden rapautumista yhä ahtaammin määriteltyjen erityisten ryhmäidentiteettien kilpakentäksi vaan pikemminkin tilannetta, jossa voimakas kansakuntaan kuulumisen kriteeristö määrittää periaatteessa tasavertaisen, perustuslakiin kirjatun namibialaisuuden käytännön sisältöä ja toteutumista. Namibialaisen veteraanipolitiikan pitkän ajan seuraukset jäävät nähtäviksi. Toisaalta sota-ajalta periytyvät poliittiset ajattelutavat ja ryhmäjaot sekä vallan kasautuminen niiden mukaan rajoittavat mahdollisuuksia rakentaa kansallista sovintoa ja yhtenäistä kansakuntaa. Toisaalta veteraanien painostuspolitiikan onnistuminen saattaa tarjota esikuvan muiden ryhmien vastaaville vaatimuksille ja nykyisten taloudellisten ja poliittisten etuoikeuksien kyseenalaistamiselle, mikä puolestaan voi johtaa esimerkiksi yhteiskuntapoliittisten mekanismien laajempaan kattavuuteen ja siten sellaiseen poliittiseen valtaan, jolla on nykyistä laajempi oikeutus."</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) is the oldest of Germany’s ‘political foundations‘ and committed to the basic values of social democracy and the labour movement. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;As a private, non-profit educational institution, ‘think tank’ and platform for political dialogue, its mission is to promote democracy, development, social justice and peace through capacity-building, policy research, public dialogue and international exchange.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;FES carries out its international activities through a network of currently about 100 offices world-wide, in combination with its headquarters in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.fes.de/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Berlin and Bonn/Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;and in close co-operation with its local and international partners. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.fesnam.org/contact.html"&gt;The FES office in Namibia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; was established in 1989 on the eve of the Namibian independence. At present it is staffed with one expatriate and six local full-time employees. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Before 1989, i.e. during South African apartheid rule in the then South West Africa, the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung had already supported in various ways those that struggled against white minority rule and for an independent and democratic Namibia. The establishment of an office was then just a logical step - based on requests by our political partners and motivated by the desire to firstly, support the transition to a non-racial multiparty-democracy and secondly, contribute to the transformation of the Namibian society into a prosperous and just society of equal rights, equal opportunities and a decent living for all.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the LaRRI website. All rights are theirs. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>© Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the FES website. All rights are theirs.</text>
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                <text>Introduction&#13;
Hubert René Schillinger&#13;
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Keynote address: the policy dimensions of trade in the SADC region&#13;
Ben Turok&#13;
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Open versus developmental integration – what options for SADC?&#13;
Rok Ajulu&#13;
&#13;
Will SADC create a free trade area by 2008 and a customs union by 2010?&#13;
Christopher Mulaudzi&#13;
&#13;
The contribution of development finance institutions to SADC integration&#13;
Stuart Kufeni&#13;
&#13;
The effectiveness of institutional restructuring in SADC&#13;
Jonathan Mayuyuka Kaunda&#13;
&#13;
The Titanic is sinking! Progress with security co-operation in Southern Africa&#13;
Anthoni van Nieuwkerk&#13;
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The Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan: problems and prospects&#13;
Garth le Pere and Elling Tjønneland&#13;
&#13;
Economic integration in SADC and the economic partnership agreement negotiations&#13;
Stella Mushiri&#13;
&#13;
Proceedings of the Fourth Southern African Forum on Trade (SAFT), held in Pretoria, South Africa, on 3–4 September 2007</text>
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                <text>© Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2008</text>
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                  <text>These prints were made of ten paintings painted by Thomas Baines (1820-1875), during his travels in central Namibia during 1861 and 1863/4. They were reprinted by the National Archives of Namibia (then SWA) in 1988</text>
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                <text>Courtesy of Africana Museum, Johannesburg</text>
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                <text>Bernard C. Moore</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>Rundu, Kavango: A Case Study of Forced Relocations in Namibia, 1954-1972</text>
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                <text>M.A. Dissertation - "This is a study about forced relocations in Rundu, Kavango in northeast Namibia. Between 1915 and 1990; Namibia was under South Africa rule. It is during the period of South African rule that the removals of Rundu occurred. In the context of Namibia’s international boundaries, Kavango ends in the middle of the Kavango River. Kavango is both the name of the region and a river situated in the northeast of Namibia. It means “small place” in Rumanyo languages (Namibian language). There were settlements along the Kavango River before the establishment of the Native Affairs Commissioner’s office at Runtu in 1936. By 1936, the following settlements in the forms of homesteads were lined up from west to east: Sauyemwa, Rundu, Nkunki, Ncwa, Sarusungu, Nkondo, (which was situated north of Sarusungu in the flood plains) and Rupouoro. Even by the 1960s most of the African settlement in Kavango stretched along the river."</text>
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                <text>Kletus Muhena Likuwa</text>
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                <text>http://etd.uwc.ac.za/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11394/241/Likuwa_MA_2005.pdf?sequence=1</text>
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                  <text>Kyoto University</text>
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                <text>The aim of this paper is to examine the indigenous San cultural identity that transcends ecological zones across the borders of Botswana, Namibia and South Africa respectively. The paper explores the representation of borders and boundaries within traditional culture, dance and music. Dance, music, material art and craft, if broadly defined, become a medium through which San women and men narrate their experiences to a broader audience. The paper contends that giving voice to the San: in the many forms that such voice is captured, will significantly enhance our understanding of indigenous knowledge systems and thus better guide strategies towards transformation of modern southern African societies. The discussion aims to showcase San indigenous knowledge systems and creativity, and shift the discourse from a 'marginalised and suffering only' sphere to appreciation of their voices through culture, art, music and dance. The article suggests that the San artistic contribution, the articulation of their specific experiences and traditional knowledge enjoy significant attention across political boundaries.</text>
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                <text>Maitseo BOLAANE</text>
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                <text>African Study Monographs (2014), 35(1): 41-64</text>
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                <text>http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/187748</text>
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                  <text>Kyoto University</text>
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                <text>This study investigated seasonal trends of surface temperature and rainfall from 1979 to 2007 in southern Africa. In recent years, annual rainfall has decreased over the African continent from the equator to 20ºS, as well as in Madagascar. On the other hand, annual mean surface temperature has shown an increasing trend across the whole region, with particularly large rates of increase in Namibia and Angola. The spatial and temporal structures of trends in rainfall and surface temperature have apparent seasonality, with rainfall in Angola, Zambia, and Namibia tending to decrease from December to March, and surface temperature from Namibia to southeastern South Africa tending to increase from July to October. To clarify the relationship between the seasonal trend and the interannual variation of the seasonal march of rainfall, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was applied to pentad rainfall data. The first and second modes of temporal structures showed strong seasonality, and their seasonal marches modulated after 1987 and 1995, respectively. These modulations included delay in rainy season onset, early withdrawal of the rainy season, and weak rainfall.</text>
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                <text>Wataru MORISHIMA, Ikumi AKASAKA</text>
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                <text>African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2010), 40: 67-76</text>
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                <text>http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/96297</text>
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                  <text>Friedrich Ebert Stiftung</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) is the oldest of Germany’s ‘political foundations‘ and committed to the basic values of social democracy and the labour movement. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;As a private, non-profit educational institution, ‘think tank’ and platform for political dialogue, its mission is to promote democracy, development, social justice and peace through capacity-building, policy research, public dialogue and international exchange.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;FES carries out its international activities through a network of currently about 100 offices world-wide, in combination with its headquarters in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.fes.de/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Berlin and Bonn/Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;and in close co-operation with its local and international partners. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.fesnam.org/contact.html"&gt;The FES office in Namibia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; was established in 1989 on the eve of the Namibian independence. At present it is staffed with one expatriate and six local full-time employees. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Before 1989, i.e. during South African apartheid rule in the then South West Africa, the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung had already supported in various ways those that struggled against white minority rule and for an independent and democratic Namibia. The establishment of an office was then just a logical step - based on requests by our political partners and motivated by the desire to firstly, support the transition to a non-racial multiparty-democracy and secondly, contribute to the transformation of the Namibian society into a prosperous and just society of equal rights, equal opportunities and a decent living for all.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the LaRRI website. All rights are theirs. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>© Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the FES website. All rights are theirs.</text>
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                <text>This book had its genesis in two observations: that democratisation has been the major political trend in Southern Africa since the end of apartheid and the termination of the Cold War (albeit an uneven democratisation that in some cases has even been reversed); and, that like many regions or subregions, Southern Africa has embarked on a major project of multinational co-operation, including in the security field. These observations led to two questions, which is what this book is all about. The first was essentially about the relationship (if any) between the dynamics of democratisation and democratic practices (or lack of them) and national security perceptions and practices in Southern African states. The second was whether this has had any effect on approaches to the regional security project. We leave it to the reader to judge whether we have answered these questions, but a summary of the findings is attempted in the conclusion.</text>
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                <text>Gavin Cawthra, Andre du Pisani and Abillah Omari (eds.)</text>
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                <text>Wits University Press &amp; Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (Mozambique Office)</text>
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                <text>© Gavin Cawthra, Andre du Pisani, Abillah Omari, 2007</text>
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                <text>http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/suedafrika/07199.pdf</text>
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                  <text>The Labour Resource and Research Institute (LaRRI) is a vibrant Namibian based research and education institute committed to the overall political and economic independence of all working people in Namibia and beyond. The institute fights for a fair, just social and economic Namibian society through labour research,education, and lobbying and advocacy. The institute believes that the nature and scope of labour research is informed by the struggles and experiences of the working people and consequently shaped by their values, principles and their world view. It is no doubt that labour is the primary source of value but many workers continue to be exploited and undervalued. LaRRI was therefore established in 1998 to seek answers to the existing economic and social order with a view to provide alternative developmental agenda in favour of the working class.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Unionization rates in Namibia are high. 30 trade unions grouped into two federations represent over 100,000 workers. Namibia has no minimum wage, but trade unions have managed to negotiate minimum wage agreements in both the agricultural and construction sectors. Despite some success in the traditional sectors, Namibian Unions still face many challenges, and will have to improve their recruitment strategies and organize their workers in non-traditional sectors. Unions need to develop effective strategies to influence socio-economic policies in favor of the workers and the poor that span beyond the workplace.&#13;
&#13;
LaRRI offers a range of short and medium term courses for trade union leaders, organizers, and shopstewards in Namibia and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. Courses offered include: political economy, globalization, export processing zones (EPZs), structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) collective bargaining, affirmitive action, and gender issues. In addition, LaRRI offers an accredited labour diploma course, which is run in cooperation with the Workers College, the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, and the University of Namibia.&#13;
&#13;
Besides its research reports, LaRRI has published a range of seminar papers and articles for local and international publications. LaRRI has also produced popular booklets for trade unions, most of which are available on LaRRI’s website and the resource center. LaRRI is a founding member of the African Labour Research Network (ALRN), which carries out research projects for trade unions across Africa.&#13;
&#13;
LaRRI continuously updates and expands its resource centre, which now contains a range of books and periodicals on various topics like trade unions in Namibia and the SADC region, industrial relations, gender equality, international trade unions, HIV/Aids, the Namibian economy, occupational health and safety, as well as UNDP and ILO publications. The resource centre serves as a library for trade unions, NGOs, students and the general public.&#13;
&#13;
The institute engages in public debate by organizing and being invited to public discussions, book presentations, lectures, and workshops. Media appearances are also frequent. Furthermore, the institute will expand its engagements by actively disseminating the ongoing initiatives through poster campaigns, periodic public gatherings with community members, cultural events, and social media.&#13;
&#13;
Organizing the unorganized. Re-defining ‘the working class’ in today’s context. Environmental justice. Mining, fishing, and farming; land-grab issues. Gender equality. Challenges confronting women workers and HIV-AIDS discrimination. Housing and urban rights. Access to housing and the right to the city. Youth and unemployment. Politics and oportunities for the youth. Foreign investment and neo-colonialism. Dispossession through trade agreements. Social protection and economic rights. Basic income grant and state spending.&#13;
&#13;
The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the LaRRI website. All rights are theirs.</text>
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                  <text>http://www.larri-namibia.org/</text>
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                  <text>© Labour Resource and Research Institute (LaRRI). The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the LaRRI website. All rights are theirs.</text>
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                <text>The main objective of the study was to examine the working conditions of workers at service stations countrywide with a particular focus of exploring the possibility of introducing a minimum wage. Specifically the study aimed to: - Examine the working conditions of petrol attendants, including working hours, overtime pay, disciplinary procedures and dismissals; - Determine the wage levels of workers at service stations; - Explore regional differences with regards to wages and working conditions at service stations; - Assess the health and safety risks associated with work at service stations; - Assess the possibilities of introducing a minimum wage in the industry; - Examine the role played by the Association of Service Station Owners; - Investigate trade union recruitment at service stations; - Investigate ownership changes and economic trends at service stations; - Explore the relationship between oil companies and the individual owners of service stations.</text>
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                <text>Herbert Jauch and Ntwala Mwilima</text>
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                  <text>This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find.&#13;
&#13;
Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster.</text>
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                <text>This short publication of the National Archives of Namibia provides an introduction to the German genocide of the Nama and Herero peoples at Shark Island, Luderitz.</text>
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                <text>Casper W. Erichsen</text>
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                <text>© Casper W. Erichsen &amp; AACRLS, 2007</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) is the oldest of Germany’s ‘political foundations‘ and committed to the basic values of social democracy and the labour movement. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;As a private, non-profit educational institution, ‘think tank’ and platform for political dialogue, its mission is to promote democracy, development, social justice and peace through capacity-building, policy research, public dialogue and international exchange.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;FES carries out its international activities through a network of currently about 100 offices world-wide, in combination with its headquarters in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.fes.de/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Berlin and Bonn/Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;and in close co-operation with its local and international partners. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.fesnam.org/contact.html"&gt;The FES office in Namibia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; was established in 1989 on the eve of the Namibian independence. At present it is staffed with one expatriate and six local full-time employees. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Before 1989, i.e. during South African apartheid rule in the then South West Africa, the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung had already supported in various ways those that struggled against white minority rule and for an independent and democratic Namibia. The establishment of an office was then just a logical step - based on requests by our political partners and motivated by the desire to firstly, support the transition to a non-racial multiparty-democracy and secondly, contribute to the transformation of the Namibian society into a prosperous and just society of equal rights, equal opportunities and a decent living for all.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the LaRRI website. All rights are theirs. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Apart from presenting some interesting country case studies, these were the questions we tried to answer at the FES conference organised in February 2011 in Windhoek. Participants included representatives of governments and civil society from eight Southern African countries. In addition, various regional organisations dealing with social and economic issues participated as well. The case studies and new approaches were evaluated, focussing on their suitability for Southern Africa. The discussions brought up various fundamental questions about inequality, redistribution and social protection in Africa. Hence, this booklet is not a conference report but rather takes the deliberations as a starting point for general considerations and information on the topic. We hope to provide some thought-provoking ideas on redistribution, social protection and structural changes in Southern Africa and trust that this booklet will stimulate discussions on possible socio-economic and political changes in the region.</text>
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                <text>© Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2011</text>
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                <text>http://www.fesnam.org/pdf/2011/publications/SocialJustice.pdf</text>
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                  <text>This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find.&#13;
&#13;
Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster.</text>
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                <text>This paper is made up of two papers. One on settlement in Botswana, and another titled "Settlement Patterns of Khoekhoe speaking Namibians." by Alan and Joy Barnard. This is largely discussion community arrangements, homestead construction, town planning, etc. Focus is on Hoachanas, Gibeon, and Damaraland</text>
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                <text>http://www.cas.ed.ac.uk/research/publications/archive/show_paper?result_page=38</text>
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                <text>We delineated seven soil clay mineral provinces in Namibia. Many individual clay mineral assemblages occur in fluvial, pan, cave and other environments. Previous researchers have used clay mineral compositions as evidence for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, often without analyzing the formation, the transport and the deposition of these clay minerals. In Namibia, rates of erosion and denudation by water and wind have been very small since early Quaternary times. During the Quaternary, the clay mineral assemblages of the seven provinces and of individual clay mineral deposits did not change significantly. Palaeoenvironmental reconstructions have to consider these small rates of erosion, especially if clay minerals were transported by water and/or wind from their source area to distant regions (e.g., the ocean). Changes in marine clay mineral compositions may not reflect climate change, but can be caused by changes in the ratio of fluvial to aeolian transport. If the changes in the transport mode are known, these changes can be interpreted palaeoenvironmentally. Future researchers have to decipher quantity and quality of the fluvial and aeolian dust transport (clay minerals, pollen, etc.) over southwestern Africa and the Benguela Current area.</text>
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                <text>African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2010), 40: 31-50</text>
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                  <text>Basler Afrika Bibliographien (BAB) is a centre of documentation and expertise on Namibia and southern Africa, located in Basel, Switzerland. The institution comprises an archive, a specialist library and a publishing house, in addition to offering scholarly, cultural and socio-political events.&#13;
&#13;
Its books and documents on Namibia are of international renown, and are known among experts as the most comprehensive documentation outside of Namibia. Among its holdings is a collection of rare books with volumes on Africa going back to the 16th century, a large collection of African posters and extensive historical archives of images, sound recordings, manuscripts and ephemera. Its collections are complemented by scholarly publication activities.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Some Notes on the so-called Heitsi-Eibeb Graves in Namibia: Ancient Heaps of Stones at the Roadside</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>When the early European settlers and travellers in South Africa looked for traces of the religion of the indigenous peoples they did not find any temples or altars or religious services. They only observed how the Khoekhoen (whom they called Hottentots) and the San (Bushmen) threw stones or branches on certain cairns when they passed by and showed obvious signs of reverence to these places. When the people were asked why they did this they said that this was their custom yet they could not give any further explanation. During the 19th century it became known that such a cairn was the grave of their deity but that, as there were many of such “graves”, he was not actually buried in them. In Namibia the heaps of stones were and still are called “Heitsi-eibeb graves”. They seemed to offer the clue for learning about Heitsi-eibeb and the old Khoe and San (= Khoisan) religion(s). Therefore particular attention has been given to this Southern African special characteristic and the number of references is immense; the following collection of notes is but a random selection made over more than 50 years. First three basic topics have to be discussed: Heitsi-eibeb, common graves and, in more detail, Heitsi-eibeb graves. Later I shall add my own observations, mainly based on interviews in 1981 at various places in Namibia when I tried to learn somewhat more about Haiseb. I quote Dutch, Afrikaans or German references in my English translation. BAB Working Paper 2014:03 Presented at Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 8 July 2014</text>
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                <text>Sigrid Schmidt</text>
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                <text>Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>© The author © Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2014</text>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>http://baslerafrika.ch/wp-content/uploads/WP-2014-3-Schmidt.pdf</text>
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        <name>Basel</name>
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        <name>Folklore</name>
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        <name>Graves</name>
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        <name>literature review</name>
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        <name>Nama</name>
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        <name>Sigrid Schmidt</name>
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        <name>Switzerland</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Out of Print Books on Namibia</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find.&#13;
&#13;
Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>"Ruth First's journey to South West Africa to gather material for this book will be the last she will make out of Johannesburg as long as the Nationalist Government is in power: four days after she returned she was served with an order prohibiting her from leaving her home city, and she and her husband have since been placed under house arrest for five years. Ruth First holds a Social Science degree taken at Witwatersrand University, but she has been a working journalist since 1947, as the Johannesburg editor of three papers banned by the Nationalists - the Guardian, the Clarion, and New Age. She has specialized in exposures of the mutilating effects of apartheid on African life and labour. She was one of the 156 people accused in the 1956 Treason Trial, and is one of the members of the White opposition under constant fire from the South African government. The latest order prohibits anything she writes from being published in South Africa. Ruth First is married to Joe Slovo, one of the three barristers whom the government will seek to disbar for political reasons under a law to be placed before the South African Parliament during the 1963 session. They have three daughters"</text>
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                <text>Ruth First</text>
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                <text>Penguin</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>© Ruth First 1963</text>
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                <text>1963</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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        <name>Activism</name>
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        <name>Apartheid</name>
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        <name>Labour</name>
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        <name>Mines</name>
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        <name>Ruth First</name>
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        <name>South West Africa</name>
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        <name>South West Africa National Union</name>
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        <name>South West Africa People's Organisation</name>
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        <name>SWANU</name>
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        <name>SWAPO</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Namibian Autobiographies</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection contains digitized versions of autobiographies (and some biographies) of Namibians and by Namibians. A slight preference is given for liberation struggle stories</text>
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            </element>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>South West Africa to Namibia: My Personal Struggle</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>"Fousy Shinana-Kambombo provides a new perspective on her life as a SWAPO member, her journey into exile and her life in the Camps. However, she also writes with daring openness about the difficult subjects of sexual abuse and gender based violence and her own personal experiences. Her 'personal struggle' provides insight into the thousands of individual struggles that took place within the Struggle and will, perhaps, give other Namibian women the courage to tell their stories."</text>
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                <text>Fousy Shinana-Kambombo</text>
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                <text>Namibia Publishing House</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Fousy Shinana-Kambombo, 2014</text>
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