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                  <text>Dissertations on Namibia</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>The Evolution of Marginal-Marine Systems of the Amibberg Formation, Karasburg Basin, Southern Namibia: Implications for Early-Middle Permian Palaeography in South Western Gondwana</text>
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                <text>M.A. Dissertation - The Karasburg Basin is situated in southern Namibia and preserves a heterogeneous succession of Karoo Supergroup strata up to 1000m thick. The uppermost preserved succession in this basin is the Amibberg Formation which is 250m thick and consists of intervals of sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. This study uses facies analysis, sequence stratigraphy and petrography to determine the palaeogeography and provenance for the Amibberg Formation. This is then used to establish environmental variability across the Karasburg – Aranos – Main Karoo basins and to define an equivalent of the Amibberg Formation in the Main Karoo Basin. Detailed stratigraphic logging of five outcrop localities has led to the identification of seven distinct lithofacies and two dominant ichnofacies (Cruziana and Skolithos). These lithofacies include: 1) Massive, laminated and bioturbated mudstones interpreted as offshore deposits (OS); 2) Bioturbated siltstones and sandstones which are representative of offshore-transitional environments (OST); 3) Interbedded sandstones and siltstones also interpreted as offshore-transitional deposits (OST) and generated by river-fed hyperpycnal plumes; 4) Sharp based, massive sandstones interpreted as being deposited on the distal lower shoreface (dLSF); 5) Non-amalgamated hummocky cross-stratified (HCS) and wave rippled sandstones interpreted as distal lower shoreface deposits (dLSF); 6) Amalgamated HCS and wave rippled sandstones interpreted as proximal lower shoreface deposits (pLSF); and 7) Soft-sediment deformed (SSD) sandstones and siltstones occurring in close juxtaposition with dLSF and pLSF deposits. The vertical arrangement of these lithofacies shows a general coarsening and shallowing upward trend. Overall the rocks of the Amibberg Formation consist of wave-dominated shoreface deposits with significant influence by tidal processes. Petrographically, the sandstone samples fall into the class of quartz and feldspathic wackes and are sourced from craton interior provenances. Geochemical analysis of mudstones and nodules indicate high levels of microbial activity under predominantly oxic conditions during the deposition of the Amibberg Formation. Five poorly defined 4th order T-R cycles are observable within the strata of the Amibberg Formation. Large regressive intervals are capped by thin transgressive tracts and these cycles are interpreted to have formed due to eustatic processes. Overall, the Amibberg Formation represents a regressive shoreline. Based on the mean palaeocurrent vectors a NNE-SSW palaeoshoreline orientation is deduced and the shoreface must have occupied a palaeohigh on the northern side of the western Cargonian Highlands. This emergent highland acted as an extensive headland and assisted in the connectivity of the Karasburg and Aranos basins, with partial connectivity with the Main Karoo Basin during the Early Permian. Based on this study, the Amibberg Formation is considered an equivalent of the Waterford Formation in the Main Karoo Basin based on similar: stratigraphic position; thickness; sedimentary structures; trace fossil assemblages and stacking patterns.</text>
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                <text>Michael Berti</text>
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                <text>University of the Witwatersrand</text>
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                <text>2014</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>The formalization and realization level in Namibian schools - an investigation of two countryside schools</text>
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                <text>Bachelor's Thesis: Teacher Education: Linnaeus University - "The aim of this thesis is to find out if there is a gap between the formalization level and the realization level in the Namibian school system. Moreover, our aim is to figure out how we, as visiting teaching students, interpret the relationship between steering documents and the teaching in the classroom. In turn, the aim was used to formulate three different research questions: What can we experience while observing in the class room/at school? What do the interviewed teachers express concerning our asked questions? What are the main differences between the two latest steering documents? The reason why we decided to do a study about the school system in Namibia is because it is a young country, it was proclaimed independent in 1990. Therefore we think it is interesting to study how the school system and its political steering documents have developed over the years. Our theoretical framework includes the concept of curriculum, reconceptualism and cultural issues. Our focal point has been on the following three perspectives, democracy, gender and learner centred education. The method we used in this study is triangulation, in this case analyzing political steering documents, interviewing teachers and other people connected to the school and finally class room observations. The attitudes to the three above mentioned perspectives vary amongst the interviewed personnel This study as come to the conclusion that there is a gap between the formalization level and realization level."</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1990">
                <text>Fanny Herdin, Helena Nilsson</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1991">
                <text>Linnaeus University</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1995">
                <text>http://lnu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A311245&amp;dswid=5124</text>
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                  <text>Out of Print Books on Namibia</text>
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                  <text>This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find.&#13;
&#13;
Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster.</text>
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                <text>The Green and Dry Wood</text>
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                <text>The Roman Catholic church (Vicarate of Windhoek) and the Namibian Socio-Political Situation 1971-1981</text>
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                <text>Oblates of Mary Immaculate</text>
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                <text>Oblates of Mary Immaculate</text>
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                <text>1983</text>
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                  <text>Miscellaneous Newspaper, Magazine, and Journal Articles</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds magazine and newspaper articles pertaining to Namibia or Namibian affairs. Note: only non-Namibian publications are consulted here.</text>
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                <text>The history of veterinary medicine in Namibia</text>
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                <text>Until the middle of the 19th century, very few references exist regarding the occurrence of animal diseases in Namibia. With the introduction of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in 1859, this picture changed completely and livestock owners implemented various forms of disease control in an effort to contain the spread of this disease and minimise its devastating effects. After the establishment of the colonial administration in 1884, the first animal disease legislation was introduced in 1887 and the first veterinarian, Dr Wilhelm Rickmann, arrived in 1894. CBPP and the outbreak of rinderpest in 1897 necessitated a greatly expanded veterinary infrastructure and the first veterinary laboratory was erected at Gammams near Windhoek in 1897. To prevent the spread of rinderpest, a veterinary cordon line was established, which was the very beginning of the Veterinary Cordon Fence as it is known today. After the First World War, a small but dedicated corps of veterinarians again built up an efficient animal health service in the following decades, with veterinary private practice developing from the mid–1950s. The veterinary profession organised itself in 1947 in the form of a veterinary association and, in 1984, legislation was passed to regulate the veterinary profession by the establishment of the Veterinary Council of Namibia. The outbreak of foot and mouth disease in 1961 was instrumental in the creation of an effective veterinary service, meeting international veterinary standards of quality and performance which are still maintained today.</text>
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                <text>Herbert P. Schneider</text>
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                <text>Journal of the South African Veterinary Association</text>
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                <text>2012</text>
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                <text>http://www.jsava.co.za/index.php/jsava/article/view/4</text>
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                <text>PhD Dissertation - The continuity of the Kalahari Copperbelt (KCB) beneath the Cenozoic cover of the Kalahari Group in central eastern Namibia has long been assumed, but was only confirmed by exploration drilling in 2010 when Eiseb Prospecting and Mining (EPM) uncovered Ag-bearing Cu sulfide mineralisation comparable to that found elsewhere in the belt. The geology of this region has not been described in any detail in the literature to date. Zircon geochronology suggests that sedimentation of the Eiseb started at ~1170 Ma. An uplifted basement horst of deformed acid volcanics marks the western edge of the Eiseb. There is no eastern border to the Eiseb, which extends into the Ghanzi-Chobe Belt of Botswana. Deformation and folding of the belt occurred during the Pan African Damara Orogen which peaked at ~530 Ma. Cu-Ag mineralisation is disseminated across a range of rock types, from the volcanic basement horst, to sandstones and argillites. Mineralisation also occurs in veins, often discordant to stratigraphic boundaries, and within the coarse laminae of interbedded siltstones. The preservation of delicate sulfide replacement textures of evaporite minerals in micro-folded rocks suggests that the mineralisation is largely epigenetic, favouring pressure shadows and foliation on a local scale, and fold-closures, faults and thrusts on a regional scale. Magnetite is commonly associated with with Cu-Ag mineralisation both textually and spatially, across a range of rock types. Paleomagnetic methods were unable to constrain the timing of magnetite growth. The trace element contents of magnetite, as deduced by laser ablation inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), is able to distinguish between barren and Cu-Ag mineralised host-rocks using element ratios. The V vs. Ni binary plot is effective for the acid volcanic rocks, and the V vs. Co plot distinguishes between mineralised and un-mineralised sedimentary rocks. Magnetite trace element concentrations show that it formed from hot (150-250˚C) metalliferous fluids with an IOCG (iron-oxide-copper-gold) affinity. The most likely mechanism for magnetite formation is by replacement of pyrite, with textures suggesting this occurred during deformation, i.e. during the Damara Orogeny. The syn-deformation, epigenetic Cu-Ag mineralisation recognised in the Eiseb has been reported from numerous other deposits traditionally classified as ‘sediment-hosted stratiform copper’ (SSC). In these deposits mineralisation has been shown to be coeval with regional plate movements and orogenesis, which is fundamentally different to the SSC model where mineralisation is related to diagenetic processes. An alternative mineralisation model is thus proposed, orogenic-sediment-hosted-copper (O-SSC).</text>
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                <text>http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/223/</text>
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                <text>"Why did Namibian trade unions lose a large part of their newly gained popularity after independence in 1990? The first May Day celebrations barely six weeks after independence was a flop. In Namibia, the colonial period did not create a large working class living solely on wages. The civil society is still in its infancy. After independence, ethnic considerations have gained new importance, because political leaders need constituencies. This has created conflict between ethnic groups and the government, which is pursuing a nationalistic policy. Trying to understand these developments, this study discusses class, race, ethnicity, and nationalism in their Namibian and African context. Political aspects of ethnicity and a situationality of identities have shown their relevancy to the problems of this study. Based on interviews and the author's actual participation in the process, this study throws a fascinating light in the birth of a nation."</text>
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                <text>© Pekka Peltola, 1995</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) is the oldest of Germany’s ‘political foundations‘ and committed to the basic values of social democracy and the labour movement. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;As a private, non-profit educational institution, ‘think tank’ and platform for political dialogue, its mission is to promote democracy, development, social justice and peace through capacity-building, policy research, public dialogue and international exchange.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;FES carries out its international activities through a network of currently about 100 offices world-wide, in combination with its headquarters in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.fes.de/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Berlin and Bonn/Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;and in close co-operation with its local and international partners. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.fesnam.org/contact.html"&gt;The FES office in Namibia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; was established in 1989 on the eve of the Namibian independence. At present it is staffed with one expatriate and six local full-time employees. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Before 1989, i.e. during South African apartheid rule in the then South West Africa, the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung had already supported in various ways those that struggled against white minority rule and for an independent and democratic Namibia. The establishment of an office was then just a logical step - based on requests by our political partners and motivated by the desire to firstly, support the transition to a non-racial multiparty-democracy and secondly, contribute to the transformation of the Namibian society into a prosperous and just society of equal rights, equal opportunities and a decent living for all.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the LaRRI website. All rights are theirs. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>© Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the FES website. All rights are theirs.</text>
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                <text>Since independence SWAPO Party has gone through a transition and transformation process, from a liberation movement to a political party. It is committed to the principle of a multi-party democracy and therefore to multi-partyism as enshrined in the Constitution. SWAPO Party is presently opposed in Parliament by some small, mostly ethnic based political parties. The most important one is presently the Congress of Democrats (COD) which was supported by 7.27% of the electorate during the 2004 National Assembly elections. COD is the only opposition party that can claim limited support throughout Namibia. In general, it can be said that due to a weak opposition there is no political counterweight of any relevance in Namibia. All political parties represented in the National Assembly take ideologically spoken a middle position in the political spectrum. Party political programmes of those parties represented in the National Assembly do not differ fundamentally from those of the SWAPO Party on most issues. The opposition parties are divided among themselves and from time to time split up into smaller groups.</text>
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                <text>© Friedrich Ebert Stiftung and Gerhard Tötemeyer, 2007</text>
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                  <text>Missionary and Travelers' Diaries/Memoirs</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection holds various published and unpublished missionary and travelers' accounts of pre-colonial, colonial, and apartheid Namibia.</text>
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                <text>The Matchless Copper Mine in 1857: Correspondence</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Charles John Andersson Papers, vol. 1 - "The present text documents a year's copper mining activity in Namaland, SWA/Namibia. The year is 1857 and the country ruled by groups of chiefs, the mine is called Matchless, the company exploiting the mine is the Walfisch Bay Mining Company, and the mine manager whose letters to the directors have been published here, is Charles John Andersson." (p.vi)</text>
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                <text>Brigitte Lau (ed.)</text>
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                <text>National Archives of SWA/Namibia</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1987</text>
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        <name>Brigitte Lau</name>
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        <name>Copper</name>
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        <name>Damara</name>
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        <name>Herero</name>
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        <name>Mining</name>
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                  <text>Legal Assistance Centre</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;From the Legal Assistance Centre's Website:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;"The LAC's main objective is to protect the human rights of all Namibians. It is the only organisation of its kind in Namibia. It has a head office in Windhoek, Namibia's capital, along with two regional offices. It is funded by national and international donor organisations as well as individuals. Its work is supervised by the Legal Assistance Trust, whose trustees include legal practitioners, other professionals and community leaders.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It works in five broad areas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/about/default.html#litigation"&gt;Litigation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/about/default.html#info"&gt;Information and Advice&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/about/default.html#education"&gt;Education and Training&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/about/default.html#research"&gt;Research&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/about/default.html#lawreform"&gt;Law Reform and Advocacy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Litigation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Legal Assistance Centre is a public interest law firm based in Windhoek.The LAC only takes on public interest cases. A public interest case is a legal case which will have a wider impact on the community than just assisting the individual concerned. Such a case may establish a new legal rule, which will change the law for the entire country or address a discriminatory policy or practice. Or it may attract attention to a problem that is affecting many people.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Examples of cases taken up by the Legal Assistance Centre include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The right of a school learner to return to school after her child was born&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The right of an accused in a complicated criminal trial to obtain legal aid&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The right of a widow to keep the land she lived on during her marriage after the death of her husband&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The right of a HIV-positive person not to be dismissed from employment based on their HIV status&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Even if we cannot help you with your case, we may be able to give you information on your rights and on steps you can take to help yourself.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Legal Information and Advice&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We provide legal information and advice on human rights in the following areas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/projects/alu/aluobjective.html"&gt;HIV/AIDS&lt;/a&gt; - including advice on what to do if you are discriminated against, information on workplace policies, access to treatment for HIV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/projects/grap/grapobjective.html"&gt;Gender Equality&lt;/a&gt; - including information on rape, domestic violence, sexual harassment in the workplace, inheritance, marriage, divorce and maintenance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/projects/huricon/huriconobjective.html"&gt;Human Rights and the Constitution&lt;/a&gt; - such as the right to basic education, the right to health, citizenship, immigration issues and the right not to be tortured or ill-treated.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/projects/lead/leadobjective.html"&gt;Land, Environment and Development &lt;/a&gt;- including inheritance, conservancies, illegal fencing, environmental issues, and issues affecting especially disadvantaged groups such as the Himba and the San.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you want to speak to a paralegal about a legal issue you are concerned about, phone us at +264-61-22-3356 or come to the office at 4 Korner Street, Windhoek. The office is open from Monday to Friday, 08h00-11h30, and 14h00-16h00.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Education and Training&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We also run training workshops for communities and service providers (such as legal officials, traditional leaders, school principals, police and social workers) on:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Gender - friendly laws including rape and domestic violence&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Communal Land Reform Act and conservancy-related legislation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;HIV/AIDS and rights, including children’s rightsB&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Basic human rights training&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Research&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;The LAC also carries out research, particularly on the need for new laws and the implementation of existing laws. Some recent research reports which are available are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;HIV/AIDS and Prisoners’ Rights in Namibia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infanticide &amp;amp; Baby Dumping in Namibia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Land Reform: A look into Namibia's first court case on land expropriation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Law Reform and Advocacy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We advocate for law reform based on our research. Recent laws which the LAC&lt;br /&gt;contributed to and advocated for are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Combating of Rape Act&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Combating of Domestic Violence Act&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Maintenance Act&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Non discrimination on the basis of HIV in the Labour Act&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Free of Charge&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All our services are free of charge (with the exception of litigation where certain costs may be recovered the client may be asked to contribute certain costs, depending&lt;br /&gt;on the circumstances)."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection showcases some of the free-download books, briefings, and documents from the LAC in Windhoek.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>http://www.lac.org.na/</text>
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              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                  <text>© Legal Assistance Centre. Files directly from LAC website, all rights theirs</text>
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                <text>The Meanings of Inheritance: Perspectives on Namibian Inheritance Practices</text>
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                <text>Robert J. Gordon (ed.)</text>
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                <text>© Legal Assistance Centre, 2005</text>
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                <text>http://www.lac.org.na/projects/grap/Pdf/meaninheri.pdf</text>
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                <text>1: Robert Gordon, “Introduction: On the Perniciousness of Inheritance Problems” ................................................. 1&#13;
&#13;
2: Thomas Widlok, “Take it or leave it: The post- and pre-mortal inheritance of San people in the Oshikoto Region” ........................................................................... 23&#13;
&#13;
3: Sabine Klocke-Daffa, “The inheritance of social obligations among the Namibian Khoekhoen” ................. 39&#13;
&#13;
4: Michael Bollig, “Inheritance and Maintenance among the Himba of the Kunene Region”................................... 45&#13;
&#13;
5: Jekura U Kavari, “Estates and Systems of Inheritance among Ovahimba and Ovaherero in Kaokoland” ........... 63&#13;
&#13;
6: Joanne Lebert, “Inheritance Practices and Property Rights in Ohangwena Region”......................................... 71&#13;
&#13;
7: Heike Becker, “‘It all depends on the family’: Revisiting laws and practices of inheritance in Namibia” ............... 93&#13;
&#13;
8: Debie LeBeau, “In Small Things Stolen: The Archeology of Inheritance versus Property Grabbing in Katutura” ... 105&#13;
&#13;
9: Manfred O Hinz, “Bhe v the Magistrate of Khayelitsha, or African customary law before the constitution” ....... 127</text>
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                  <text>This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find.&#13;
&#13;
Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster.</text>
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                <text>The Nama of Namibia: A Guide to an Exhibition</text>
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                <text>"The long over-due representation of the Nama in Namibian museums formed the primary motivation to develop this exhibition as part of a larger exhibition titled "Hunter-gatherers &amp; Nomads in Sand and Ice Deserts", which was made available on loan to the National Museum of Namibia for two years in 2005. In the past, the Nama have been sadly neglected in Namibian museum displays as very few traditional Nama objects made their way into local museums. Instead they were assembled in overseas museums during the 19th and early 20th centuries, where few Namibians are able to view them . . . "</text>
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                <text>National Museum of Namibia (with W.H.G. [Wilfrid] Haacke)</text>
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                <text>© National Museum of Namibia</text>
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                  <text>Rights vary depending on the resource. Please consult each individual entry for specific information</text>
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                <text>The Namibian Independence Process (Film)</text>
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                <text>Short Documentary film produced for TV News Program "South Africa Now" in conjunction with The Lawyer's Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, Phase II Productions, Global Vision International, Stuart Sender (Dir. &amp; Prod.) and Caroline Craven. Interviews with SWAPO members, Dirk Mudge, U.S. Lawyers (Gay McDougall &amp; others), and the general Namibian public regarding the run-up to the 1989 Elections and their thoughts on independence.</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>The need and use of community library services in Namibia</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis - "The overall aim of this study is to investigate the use of community libraries in Namibia. The study aims at finding solid data on the actual use of community libraries, who needs them and what do they need them for. Main questions addressed in the study are as follows: (i) Who are the users of Namibian community libraries? (ii) For which purposes do people use the services provided by community libraries? (iii) In which ways do the users´ demographic characteristics relate to the purposes of use? (iv) Which are the main usage patterns of the community libraries? (v) What are the needs for the development of the services of community libraries based on the suggestions and problems experienced by library users? The study was carried out as a survey in three community libraries in North-Central Namibia. The libraries were chosen to represent community libraries in the previously disadvantages regions to represent the majority of Namibian population and provide information on emerging user needs and usage patterns. The empirical data on demographic characteristics of all users and services used in those libraries was gathered during six days in October-November 2003. The data was analysed using frequencies of variables and a their cross tabulation. The working hypothesis of the study was that Namibian community libraries have changed from the pre-independence Anglo-American model of recreational and cultural institution and lending library mainly used for leisure reading and borrowing out fiction and hobby type of books, to a primarily educational institution. The hypothesis was clearly supported by the data on the users and usage patterns from the case libraries. Almost 70% of the users in the three case libraries were learners and students. Community library was mainly used as a learning place, to study and do school work in the library. The other main functions used by varied groups of the community were photocopy service and public ICT access. Although lending continued to be a way of using the library it was not the major usage pattern. 64% of users did not borrow books and only 1.5% of clients used the library only for borrowing. The main usage pattern of the community library as a study place and the most popular resources: textbooks, photocopy service and public ICT access, were interpreted to respond to important educational and socio-economic needs of Namibian communities. "</text>
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                <text>Ritva Niskala</text>
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                <text>University of Tampere</text>
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                <text>http://tampub.uta.fi/handle/10024/79357</text>
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        <name>Finland</name>
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        <name>Ritva Niskala</name>
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                  <text>Thomas Baines (1820-1875)</text>
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                  <text>These prints were made of ten paintings painted by Thomas Baines (1820-1875), during his travels in central Namibia during 1861 and 1863/4. They were reprinted by the National Archives of Namibia (then SWA) in 1988</text>
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                <text>The Otjimbingwe Volunteer Artillery, 1864</text>
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                <text>Courtesy of Africana Museum, Johannesburg</text>
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                <text>Namibia in the 1860s: As Seen and Painted by Thomas Baines</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Bernard C. Moore</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Basler Afrika Bibliographien (BAB) is a centre of documentation and expertise on Namibia and southern Africa, located in Basel, Switzerland. The institution comprises an archive, a specialist library and a publishing house, in addition to offering scholarly, cultural and socio-political events.&#13;
&#13;
Its books and documents on Namibia are of international renown, and are known among experts as the most comprehensive documentation outside of Namibia. Among its holdings is a collection of rare books with volumes on Africa going back to the 16th century, a large collection of African posters and extensive historical archives of images, sound recordings, manuscripts and ephemera. Its collections are complemented by scholarly publication activities.</text>
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                  <text>Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
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                  <text>© Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
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                <text>The Ovambo Reserve Otjeru (1911-1938): The Story of an African Community in Central Namibia</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>"In the following pages I try to reconstruct the history of the settlement at Otjeru and of its inhabitants. My writing draws from oral information received by people whose family histories are deeply connected with the place, but is mainly based on archival sources produced by various colonial officials and missionaries. Without fully engaging with the discussion about the narratives of colonial archives and the ways these shape history I will make some clarification with regard to my own understanding. The colonial archives are based on the need and logic of the colonial project. The information produced by colonial officials is very biased and selective and the way it is stored and classified reflects colonial rule and order. The structure of the archive influences historical research and writing. Depending on the logic and interest of the colonial power, the people living at Otjeru are constructed and documented as a community at certain moment in times, whereas no evidence can be found of the very same people for other periods. The production of information by the colonial apparatus is very often connected to situations perceived as exceptional or pivotal by the colonial state and were therefore cause for special intervention. The main producers of information were the representatives of the colonial power, i.e. army or police officers, magistrates, etc. The realities of the colonial archive are not without consequences for the historian's research and writing. My reconstruction of the history of Otjeru, too, follows the logic of the archive, in so far as the density of my writing heavily depends on the availability of sources. Yet, instead of providing a streamlined narrative, the reader is continuously informed in what follows about the conditions of writing, the producers of information and the nature of the sources forming the backbone of this text."</text>
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                <text>Giorgio Miescher</text>
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                <text>Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>© The author © Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
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                <text>2006</text>
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        <name>Archive</name>
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      <tag tagId="138">
        <name>Colonialism</name>
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