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                  <text>Dissertations on Namibia</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Living on the land : change in forest cover in north-central Namibia 1943-1996</text>
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                <text>PhD Dissertation: Forestry - The objective of the present study was to analyse the change in forest cover in the Owambo area of north-central Namibia, focusing especially on the domestic use of wood in constructions on farms. Aerial photographs from 1996, 1992, 1970 and 1943, and satellite images from 1996, 1992 and 1981, amplified by ground truth data gathered in 1996, were used to monitor and analyse expansion of the settled area and its effects on forest cover in the Ondobe and Eenhana constituencies of the Ohangwena Region. The results indicate that deforestation was caused almost entirely by clearing of land for permanent agriculture. The clay-rich sandy soils on the lower part of uplands were occupied first; whereas the slightly more elevated, but less fertile, sandy sites have been occupied later. It was estimated that a population increase of one person led to about 1 ha of deforestation. The basic layout of the farm and the architecture of a household dwelling have remained about the same throughout the period 1943-1996. The quantity of indigenous wood in constructions of a typical farm represented an over-bark removal of about 45 tons, and the annual fellings for maintenance were .5 tons per capita. The annual consumption of indigenous wood in the whole Owambo area was estimated to be 600,000 tons, which is lower than the sustained yield. The forest cover has changed towards on farm tree cover, and the species composition in the agricultural fields has gradually changed towards trees producing edible fruits. The frequent change of homestead site has been an important factor in creating the characteristic agroforestry landscape of the Owambo Area.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Antti Erkkilä</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>University of Joensuu</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2001</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2120">
                <text>http://epublications.uef.fi/pub/urn_isbn_978-952-61-2126-0/index_en.html</text>
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        <name>Antti Erkkilä</name>
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        <name>Deforestation</name>
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        <name>Environment</name>
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        <name>Forest</name>
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        <name>Forestry</name>
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      <tag tagId="9">
        <name>Namibia</name>
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      <tag tagId="137">
        <name>Ovamboland</name>
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      <tag tagId="774">
        <name>Trees</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Documentary Films on Namibia</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length Documentary Films on Namibia.</text>
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              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Rights vary depending on the resource. Please consult each individual entry for specific information</text>
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      <name>Moving Image</name>
      <description>A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation.</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Making Our Own Way: Namibia's Disabled Movement</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This film describes the status of disabled persons in post-independence Namibia. Also illustrated is government and charity aid for specific projects and programs. Narration: Hafeni Mundilo Drummer: Chris West Camera: George Shikongo Sound/Translation: Ben Tsuob Assistant Director: Angula Amulungu Script: Tom Minney Editor/Directory: Steve Felton Funding: Derrick Allison Production: New Dawn Video</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Steve Felton (Dir.) &amp; Oxfam UK</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Oxfam UK &amp; I</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="843">
                <text>© New Dawn Video 1991</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>MPEG-4 Video File</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1991</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="846">
                <text>English (some Otjiherero)</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="847">
                <text>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3ycqHH1z0Y</text>
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        <name>Disabilities</name>
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        <name>Documentary</name>
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        <name>New Dawn Video</name>
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        <name>Oxfam</name>
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        <name>Steve Felton</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Friedrich Ebert Stiftung</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) is the oldest of Germany’s ‘political foundations‘ and committed to the basic values of social democracy and the labour movement. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;As a private, non-profit educational institution, ‘think tank’ and platform for political dialogue, its mission is to promote democracy, development, social justice and peace through capacity-building, policy research, public dialogue and international exchange.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;FES carries out its international activities through a network of currently about 100 offices world-wide, in combination with its headquarters in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.fes.de/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Berlin and Bonn/Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;and in close co-operation with its local and international partners. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.fesnam.org/contact.html"&gt;The FES office in Namibia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; was established in 1989 on the eve of the Namibian independence. At present it is staffed with one expatriate and six local full-time employees. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Before 1989, i.e. during South African apartheid rule in the then South West Africa, the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung had already supported in various ways those that struggled against white minority rule and for an independent and democratic Namibia. The establishment of an office was then just a logical step - based on requests by our political partners and motivated by the desire to firstly, support the transition to a non-racial multiparty-democracy and secondly, contribute to the transformation of the Namibian society into a prosperous and just society of equal rights, equal opportunities and a decent living for all.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the LaRRI website. All rights are theirs. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>http://www.fesnam.org/</text>
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              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                  <text>© Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the FES website. All rights are theirs.</text>
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                <text>Making the difference! The Basic Income Grant in Namibia</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This report is part of a series of publications on the Basic Income Grant in Namibia. It reflects the results of the Pilot Project in Otjivero-Omitara in particular. This one year report attempts to give an overview over the new findings, and possible lessons for national implementation of a BIG in Namibia.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3555">
                <text>Claudia Haarmann, Dirk Haarmann, Herbert Jauch, Hilma Shindondola-Mote, Nicoli Nattrass, Ingrid van Niekerk and Michael Samson</text>
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                <text>Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, National Union of Namibian Workers (NUNW), Namibia NGO Forum, Labour Resource and Research Institute (LaRRI)</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3557">
                <text>© Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2009</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>PDf</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2009</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3561">
                <text>http://www.fesnam.org/pdf/2009/publications/BIG_Assessment_report_08b.pdf</text>
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        <name>Basic Income Grant</name>
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        <name>Claudia Haarmann</name>
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        <name>Dirk Haarmann</name>
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        <name>Friedrich Ebert Stiftung</name>
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        <name>Herbert Jauch</name>
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        <name>Hilma Shindondola-Mote</name>
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        <name>Human Rights</name>
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      <tag tagId="1329">
        <name>Ingrid van Niekerk</name>
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        <name>Labour Resource and Research Institute (LaRRI)</name>
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        <name>Michael Samson</name>
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        <name>Namibia NGO Forum</name>
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        <name>National Union of Namibian Workers (NUNW)</name>
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        <name>Nicoli Nattrass</name>
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        <name>Poverty</name>
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        <name>Welfare</name>
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                  <text>Out of Print Books on Namibia</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find.&#13;
&#13;
Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster.</text>
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                <text>Manasse Tjiseseta: Chief of Omaruru 1884-1898, Namibia</text>
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                <text>“Biographies of Namibian leaders of the nineteenth century are rare. We have indepth studies of Hendrik Witbooi, Samuel Maharero and Kahimemua for that period, but few comprehensive analyses of other leading figures. This book, a biography of the Herero chief Manasse Tjiseseta, who reigned in central-western Namibia between 1884 until his death in 1898, is thus to be welcomed. Its importance is enhanced by the fact that the editors of the series have added fourteen documents, including letters written by Tjiseseta himself, reproduced here in facsimile, and providing the reader with a personal glimpse of the chief. Joris de Vries reconstructs the life of one of the first Herero chiefs deeply embedded in a Christian context. He was a schoolteacher for the Rhenish Mission before succeeding his uncle, Tjaherani. He was also one of the first chiefs who had to act in a political environment increasingly influenced by German colonialism. He had to do so much earlier than the later paramount chief Samuel Maharero, whose biography partly resembles that of Tjiseseta. The structural confines of Christianity and colonialism, and the political and economic possibilities these entailed for a chief, became important for all central Namibian Herero polities from the late 1880s onwards. De Vries’ study provides an insight into the skilful means by which a fairly young chief (some 34 years of age at the beginning of his reign) used these contexts to carve autonomous spaces for himself and his people. The author shows convincingly how the particular economic possibilities of the Omaruru region provided an essential power base for the chief. Omaruru was an important commercial centre along several major trade routes connecting western, central and northern Namibia, and Tjiseseta set up a coherent taxation system. In addition, the area provided for regular agricultural activity which, next to the pastoral economy, provided an important source of income. In the case of the Damara community at Okombahe, relations of dependency, including the control of labourers, added to the power base of Tjiseseta and that of several other Herero petty chiefs. As de Vries shows, Tjiseseta played out these economic possibilities and social differences while maintaining political autonomy, not only vis-a-vis the encroaching German military, but also vis-a-vis the dominant Maharero polity. To characterize Tjiseseta as a ‘ tycoon’ (pp. ff.) with respect to his economic ventures and wealth might, however, be an overstatement, not least as he did not act solely by himself but in accordance with a council. This raises the question of the distribution of wealth, and relations with other enterprising Herero families, analyses of which are missing. The analysis of the transformations faced by Tjiseseta in the s (chapter ) remains superficial. While the general lines of conflict with the German administration are well outlined, resulting in the chief losing more and more control, the complexities of the dynamics within the polity are not addressed coherently. A case in point are the transformations of the chief’s relations with the Damara community in Okombahe. De Vries omits an important manoeuvre by Tjiseseta in 1894 through which he transformed the tribute payments of the Okombahe agriculturalists into a lucrative annual revenue granted by the German administration without himself and his petty chiefs losing de facto control of Damara labour, while the Damara chief in turn had to enter into agreement with the German administration for the provision of labour (de Vries only mentions the latter). The case is important as it raises questions about the changing relations between Tjiseseta, his petty chiefs and the Damara population, as well as issues relating to the manipulation of pre-colonial relations of dependence by the Herero elite during the initial phase of German administration. In-depth analyses of these issues are missing. De Vries’ study is a slightly revised version of his MA thesis submitted at the Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden in 1997. This explains the limited source basis on which the book is based. The omission of the rich correspondence of the Rhenish missionaries of Omaruru, Okombahe and Omburu limits de Vries’ understanding of the internal dynamics of the Herero polity and results in a rather sketchy picture of Tjiseseta’s (extended) family. Although the author acknowledges some of the shortcomings (in chapter  and the conclusion), one wonders for example why such important political bodies as the chief’s council and the church council are not analyzed in their own right ? Despite these limitations, the book is a welcome contribution to the biographical and regional studies of central Namibian history. This reviewer hopes that the publisher (who has failed to provide an index) has made it available to the Namibian readership at an affordable price, as it is biographies that often lend themselves much better to discussions of history in its broader contexts than any other so-called history books. -- Dag Henrichsen, Journal of African History”</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>M.A. Dissertation - "Mandume has fought two colonial powers, Portugal and British-South Africa from the time he became king in 1911 to 1917. This thesis looks at the different ways in which Mandume ya Ndemufayo is remembered in Namibia and Angola after these countries had gained their independence from colonialism. His bravery in fighting the colonizers has awarded him hero status and he is considered a nationalist hero in both Namibia and Angola. However, he is memorialized differently in Namibia and Angola. The process of remembering Mandume in different ways is related to where his body and head are buried respectively. This is because there is a belief that his body was beheaded, and his head was buried in Windhoek (under a monument) while the rest of his body is buried in Angola. The monument that is alleged to host his head is claimed to belong to him to this day. However, this monument was erected for the fallen South African troops who died fighting him. I argue that this belief was in response to the need to reclaim a monumental space to commemorate Mandume in the capital city. In the postcolonial Namibia and Angola, Mandume is memorialized at Heroes Acre and Mandume Memorial respectively. There are also other forms of his memorialisation in both countries such as roads, streets etc, named after him. I am most interested in finding if the two countries share Mandume or they are competing for him. If they share him, how are the politics around his memory negotiated? I argue that Mandume is used as a tool in processes of nation-building for Namibia and Angola. He is considered a nationalist icon to bring about unity amongst people in both countries. This is because national unity, nationhood, identity and reclamation of the self are all evident in the memorial work that is put in Mandume’s name in these two countries. I argue that the notion of nationhood associated with Mandume ya Ndemufayo has hidden agendas in the two countries. Mandume’s monuments in Angola and Namibia service national healing processes especially to unify nations that were divided by civil war and apartheid laws respectively. For both countries, the formal honouring of anti-colonial fighter such as Mandume obviously promotes the recovery of nations that underwent violent conflict. I conclude that these two countries use Mandume as a resource in the nation-building process to unify their people respectively and this consequently divides the Kwanyama people, which is the opposite of what Mandume was doing. As long as his memory is used this way by postcolonial Namibia and Angola, the Kwanyamas will never be united and the Mandume issue will never rest because it was his goal, as he was trying to unite his people who were divided by a colonial border."</text>
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                <text>University of the Western Cape</text>
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                <text>http://etd.uwc.ac.za/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11394/210/Shiweda_MA_2005.pdf?sequence=1</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;A 2012-2013 Oral History endeavor by Bernard C. Moore and Matthew Ecker. Resulted in "Our Voices: From Windhoek to Washington - An Oral History of the Namibian Struggle for Independence." Screened for 2014 Namibia Heroes' Day celebrations on NBC Namibia, as well as throughout 2015 Black History Month on NBC Namibia&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Date: 2 February 2013 Location: Washington Time: ~ 45 Minutes Interview conducted by Bernard Moore &amp; Matthew Ecker Topics: -Nyango Camp &amp; everyday life -Her Family's Decision to go into Exile -Education of Namibians in Zambia -Transfer from camp to armed struggle -Life in Angola military camp (morale) -Namibian solidarity -Political Instructor life (&amp; translation) -Life as journalist -Some Post-independence thoughts -More everyday life in camps (&amp; fears of attack) -Diet in camps</text>
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                  <text>This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find.&#13;
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                <text>Date: 11 March 2013 Location: Helsinki Time: ~ 1 Hour Interview conducted by Bernard Moore &amp; Matthew Ecker Topics: -Finnish connections with Namibia (missionary) -Role as UN Commissioner for Namibia -Relationships with Frontline states, NonAligned -Finnish decision to support SWAPO -SWAPO as “sole” representative of Namibia -Chester Crocker and Linkage -Thoughts on Sanctions -Discussions on 435, peacekeepers, etc. -April 1st 1989 -Namibia as “test subject” for S. Africa -Lack of post-independence egalitarian policies -Not about elections, but how you use the power</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis - Empowerment is a recent and a popular concept within international development studies which emphasizes people-centered approaches where the beneficiaries in developing countries are seen as active participants rather than merely being passive recipients of aid. The aim of this research is to explore the influence of development programs on empowerment of Deaf individuals based a fieldwork that took place in Namibia from September to October 2012 through the Centre for Communication and Deaf Studies (CCDS) in Windhoek. The focus was in part on a development project of the Icelandic International Development Agency (ICEIDA) which was carried out in 2006-2010 in Namibia. The research followed participation observation with qualitative methodology based on interviews, conversations and interaction with the group of participants. The results suggest that despite some great improvements in field of deafness in Namibia, the fact remains that Deaf in Namibia are still excluded from education to a large extent. The educational system does not fully recognize the needs of Deaf pupils and the access to interpreters remains a barrier. It was concluded that despite the willingness among specialists in Namibia there is still a lack within the strict system of Namibia to allow for exceptions when it comes to put things in action. Nevertheless the results indicate that empowerment is an important concept for Deaf people in developing countries and projects can have long lasting empowering effects on individuals.</text>
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                <text>© Iðunn Ása Óladóttir 2014</text>
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                <text>http://skemman.is/en/item/view/1946/17925</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1962, the Nordic Africa Institute (Nordiska Afrikainstitutet) is a center for research, documentation and information on modern Africa in the Nordic region. Based in Uppsala, Sweden, the Institute is dedicated to providing timely, critical and alternative research and analysis of Africa in the Nordic countries and to strengthen the co-operation between African and Nordic researchers.</text>
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                  <text>© Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the NAI website. All rights are theirs.</text>
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                <text>Are there ways and means of measuring democracy and “good governance”? The contributions to this Discussion Paper present attempts to do this by means of surveys on democratic attitudes in Mozambique and Namibia respectively as well as by exploring the degree of commitment to and violation of human rights in a comparative perspective in Namibia and South Africa. They illustrate attitudes by offering empirical evidence of the preferences and views of local people, as well as by examining the track record of a human rights culture. In doing so, by going beyond a level of theoretical analysis, they offer concrete evidence of attitudes prevalent among both individuals and state agencies in societies of Southern Africa.</text>
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                <text>Issued as a Supplement to SA Digest (6 February 1981) -A Somewhat Partisan take on the 1977-1980 period in Namibia</text>
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                <text>M.A. Thesis - "Roughly 10% of the Namibian GDP and over 40% of total exports are dependent on the mining sector. Namibia is one of the five leading uranium producing countries worldwide withperspectives to triple the production in the following years. This study aims to identify the implications to sustainable development of the country carried by such a strategy to stimulate the economic growth.The complexity of the issue is addressed by an interdisciplinary set of methods leading to a better understanding of processes linking uranium mining in Namibia with the environment, society and the global economy. Regulatory, trade and production systems are outlined and assessed, after which a stakeholder analysis is conducted in order to determine who are the most influential actors as well as parties affected by the uranium production in Namibia. The results reveal a great dependence of the Namibian uranium mining sector on external factors, with the government perceived as the most affected stakeholder."</text>
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                <text>The current policy paper contains three chapters, authored by Bruce Frayne of Queen’s University and Wade Pendleton, formerly at the University of Namibia. The first chapter provides an overview of Namibian international and internal migration movements since independence and also considers the likely future trends of migration in Namibia. The chapter draws heavily on research conducted by the authors for the Namibian National Migration Survey in 1998. The second chapter, with its recommendations for migration management, is drawn from the authors’ earlier SAMP contribution: Namibians on South Africa: Attitudes Towards Cross-Border Migration and Immigration Policy (Migration Policy Series No. 10, 1998). The final chapter, by  Wade Pendleton, is the product of a broader SADC survey conducted by SAMP in 2001 designed to assess public attitudes towards migrants, refugees and immigration policy. The findings for Namibia reported here suggest that Namibia faces a similar challenge to South Africa in terms of public education about the role and impact of migrants.</text>
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                <text>In: Annual Report : 2010: The rise of africa: miracle or mirage?, ISSN 1104-5256, Vol. 2010, 36-37</text>
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                <text>"Nakambale is a gripping description of SWA History (1869-1926) describing the life of Martin (Martti) Rautanen, a young Finnish man, come to work in the Northern part of the country as one of the first Finnish missionaries. He lived and worked in the country for 56 years. The book describes the meeting and interaction of two very different cultures. Life was hard and insecure in the days when people travelled with ox-wagons, tribal kings were suspicious of white people, tribal feuds were commonplace, and only some Germans had reached Hereroland." "Professor Matti Peltola paints us a picture of how the local kings took the poor 'teachers' under the administration of their kingdoms. Their lives were in danger many times and they finally learnt how to survive and become part of the country. The book is also an exciting and compelling description of the fate of the early Finnish Missionaries in SWA." "The book is a historical work and an exciting and interesting story of Martin Rautanen's life and career. It is a well researched biographical study which is based on Rautanen's diaries."</text>
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        <name>Finnish Missionary Society</name>
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                  <text>© Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the NAI website. All rights are theirs.</text>
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                <text>Namibia: colonialism, apartheid and liberation struggle in Southern Africa (translation from the Norwegian)</text>
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                <text>What is the role of international development assistance in a newly independent country such as Namibia? The two studies in this report give some inputs to the discussion on the benefits and problems of aid. One focuses on macro-economics, resource distribution and effects of international development assistance in general. The other is an analysis of the impact of Swedish development assistance.</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1962, the Nordic Africa Institute (Nordiska Afrikainstitutet) is a center for research, documentation and information on modern Africa in the Nordic region. Based in Uppsala, Sweden, the Institute is dedicated to providing timely, critical and alternative research and analysis of Africa in the Nordic countries and to strengthen the co-operation between African and Nordic researchers.</text>
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                  <text>© Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the NAI website. All rights are theirs.</text>
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                <text>Since the establishment in 1962 of the Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, it has followed events in Southern Africa and has been active in disseminating information about the region through seminars and publications. In 1981 the situation in Namibia has been highlighted by intensification of the war as weIl as by diplomatic activities. In spite of temporary setbacks recent ly it can be anticipated that the liberation struggle in combination with diplomatic initiatives will result in an independent Namibia within this decade. In order to illuminate the role played by the Nordic countries in the liberation of Namibia the Scandinavian Institute of African Studies organized a seminar called "Namibia and the Nordic Countries" in March 1981. This booklet is a by-product of the seminar. Its aim is to outline the official positions of the Nordic governrnents (except Iceland) as regards Namibia. The emphasis is on the debate in the United Nations and on assistance towards the liberation of Namibia. Non-governmental assistance is also included as weIl as available information on trade between the Nordic countries and Namibia. Due to the special relationship between Finland and Namibia (i.e. Finnish missionary activity in Namibia since 1870) the section on Finland is more elaborate than those of the other Nordic countries. The historical background to the relations between Finland and Namibia as weIl as the various Finnish initiatives in the UN are outlined. The booklet has been written by research fellows at the Scandinavian Institute of African Studies. It is hoped that it will serve as a brie f introduction to relations between the Nordic countries and Namibia. Uppsala October 1981 Michael Ståhl Director</text>
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                <text>© Nordiska Afrikainstitutet</text>
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                <text>http://nai.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:277966/FULLTEXT01.pdf</text>
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        <name>Arne Tostensen</name>
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        <name>Juhani Koponen</name>
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        <name>Roland Stanbridge</name>
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