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                <text>Andimba Toivo ya Toivo (Full Interview, Part 2)</text>
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                <text>Dates: 17 &amp; 19 August 2012 Location: Windhoek Times: ~ 90 Minutes &amp; ~ 150 Minutes Interviews conducted by Bernard Moore &amp; Matthew Ecker Topics: -A general comprehensive account of his life. He spent a good long while speaking about growing up in Ovamboland. He talked about the founding of OPO and SWAPO, as well as the Terrorism Trial and his time on Robben Island. Importantly, he spoke about his release and his return to Namibia.</text>
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                <text>Date: 11 August 2012 Location: Swakopmund Time: ~ 40 Minutes Interview conducted by Bernard Moore &amp; Matthew Ecker Topics: -Discussion with SWAPO in Exile -Involvement in Politics -Imagining post-independence Namibia -Thoughts on first free elections -Thoughts on first parliament -Namibia as “transition model” for S. Africa -Corruption in post-independence Namibia -Reasons for leaving SWAPO -Birth of CoD and RDP -2009 Elections &amp; forward</text>
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                  <text>The Labour Resource and Research Institute (LaRRI) is a vibrant Namibian based research and education institute committed to the overall political and economic independence of all working people in Namibia and beyond. The institute fights for a fair, just social and economic Namibian society through labour research,education, and lobbying and advocacy. The institute believes that the nature and scope of labour research is informed by the struggles and experiences of the working people and consequently shaped by their values, principles and their world view. It is no doubt that labour is the primary source of value but many workers continue to be exploited and undervalued. LaRRI was therefore established in 1998 to seek answers to the existing economic and social order with a view to provide alternative developmental agenda in favour of the working class.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Unionization rates in Namibia are high. 30 trade unions grouped into two federations represent over 100,000 workers. Namibia has no minimum wage, but trade unions have managed to negotiate minimum wage agreements in both the agricultural and construction sectors. Despite some success in the traditional sectors, Namibian Unions still face many challenges, and will have to improve their recruitment strategies and organize their workers in non-traditional sectors. Unions need to develop effective strategies to influence socio-economic policies in favor of the workers and the poor that span beyond the workplace.&#13;
&#13;
LaRRI offers a range of short and medium term courses for trade union leaders, organizers, and shopstewards in Namibia and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. Courses offered include: political economy, globalization, export processing zones (EPZs), structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) collective bargaining, affirmitive action, and gender issues. In addition, LaRRI offers an accredited labour diploma course, which is run in cooperation with the Workers College, the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, and the University of Namibia.&#13;
&#13;
Besides its research reports, LaRRI has published a range of seminar papers and articles for local and international publications. LaRRI has also produced popular booklets for trade unions, most of which are available on LaRRI’s website and the resource center. LaRRI is a founding member of the African Labour Research Network (ALRN), which carries out research projects for trade unions across Africa.&#13;
&#13;
LaRRI continuously updates and expands its resource centre, which now contains a range of books and periodicals on various topics like trade unions in Namibia and the SADC region, industrial relations, gender equality, international trade unions, HIV/Aids, the Namibian economy, occupational health and safety, as well as UNDP and ILO publications. The resource centre serves as a library for trade unions, NGOs, students and the general public.&#13;
&#13;
The institute engages in public debate by organizing and being invited to public discussions, book presentations, lectures, and workshops. Media appearances are also frequent. Furthermore, the institute will expand its engagements by actively disseminating the ongoing initiatives through poster campaigns, periodic public gatherings with community members, cultural events, and social media.&#13;
&#13;
Organizing the unorganized. Re-defining ‘the working class’ in today’s context. Environmental justice. Mining, fishing, and farming; land-grab issues. Gender equality. Challenges confronting women workers and HIV-AIDS discrimination. Housing and urban rights. Access to housing and the right to the city. Youth and unemployment. Politics and oportunities for the youth. Foreign investment and neo-colonialism. Dispossession through trade agreements. Social protection and economic rights. Basic income grant and state spending.&#13;
&#13;
The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the LaRRI website. All rights are theirs.</text>
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                  <text>http://www.larri-namibia.org/</text>
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                <text>This report presents the key findings of a pilot research project on Asian migrant workers working at Ramatex, conducted from 31st August 04 to 4th October 2004. This pilot research was funded by the International Labor Rights Fund, and jointly facilitated by the Labour Resource and Research Institute (LaRRI) and the International Textile, Garment and Leather Workers Federation (ITGLWF).</text>
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                <text>Master (one year) Thesis in Social and Cultural Analysis Year 2010 - "Namibia is one of the most unequal countries in the world and has high rates of poverty. In the thesis the proposal for a basic income grant as a strategy for poverty alleviation in Namibia is analyzed. The study is based on six interviews with the Basic Income Grant Coalition in Namibia and their four publications. The theoretical and methodological framework is Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis and social theory of discourse. Conceptions about the economical and political situation of Namibia in relation to inequality are discussed, as well as the image of the desired citizen in neo-liberal societies. Poverty is conceptualized as a trap where the BIG is regarded as a way out from poverty to a situation of confidence, engagement and economic activity. Contemporary classifications and means testing for social grants are problematized as inefficient and discriminative. The BIG is regarded as right in the context of the big inequalities in Namibia. It is suggested that the BIG Coalition with the proposal for the grant also offers alternative conceptions about Namibia and about the possibilities for change in the situation of poverty."</text>
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                  <text>This collection contains digitized versions of autobiographies (and some biographies) of Namibians and by Namibians. A slight preference is given for liberation struggle stories</text>
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                <text>The former Labor Minister of SWAPO (Southwest Africa People's Organization) recounts his personal saga of developing political commitment, conflict with the Boer adversary, imprisonment, torture, trial, rustication, and the agonizing decision to flee his homeland. His experience affords the reader an unusual perspective on black-white relations in Namibia and the (necessarily) subterranean world of black politics there.</text>
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                <text>John Ya Otto: with Ole Gjerstad and Michael Meer</text>
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                <text>© John Ya Otto, 1981</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;A 2012-2013 Oral History endeavor by Bernard C. Moore and Matthew Ecker. Resulted in "Our Voices: From Windhoek to Washington - An Oral History of the Namibian Struggle for Independence." Screened for 2014 Namibia Heroes' Day celebrations on NBC Namibia, as well as throughout 2015 Black History Month on NBC Namibia&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Date: 18 August 2012 Location: Windhoek Time: ~ 55 Minutes Interview conducted by Bernard Moore &amp; Matthew Ecker Topics: -Early thoughts on colonialism, racism, class -OPO as response to labor issues, not nationalism -America as symbol of un-oppressed Africa -Time spent in Soviet Union -His Impression of Television and Radio in USSR -SWAPO not Communist/Socialist -SWAPO not as Workers Movement -”Black as mindset,” acknowledgment of class -Lubango controversy in Angola -Thoughts on Ovambos in SWAPO, Geingob -Ulenga's Resignation from SWAPO -Sam Nujoma and 3rd Term controversy -Birth of Congress of Democrats -Politics and the “Born Frees” -Liberation struggle heroes in politics</text>
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                <text>© The author © Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
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                  <text>This collection contains digitized versions of autobiographies (and some biographies) of Namibians and by Namibians. A slight preference is given for liberation struggle stories</text>
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                <text>"Breaking Contract gives a unique insight into the conditions, events and personalities which gave rise to the formation of the South West African People's Organisation, SWAPO of Namibia, and the launching of the armed struggle for freedom from South Africa. The book takes its name from the system of migrant contract labour which had a profound effect on the lives of Namibian and shaped resistance to South African rule. The life story of Helao Vinnia Ndadi, was recorded and edited by Dennis Mercer, a journalist working with the Liberation Support Movement of British Columbia. Breaking Contract was first published by LSM Press in Canada in 1974 and included the illustrations by Allison Warner reproduced in this edition. A second edition was published by the London-based International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa (IDAF) in 1989. Breaking Contract documents, in Ndadi 's own words, his experiences as a contract worker under apartheid and his role in organising the Owamboland People's Organisation, which in 1960 became SWAPO. Minor changes and corrections have been made to this edition, mostly in the spelling of names. The original foreword and introduction have been replaced and Ndadi has written a new postscript."</text>
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                <text>Archives of Anti-Colonial Resistance and the Liberation Struggle</text>
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        <name>SWAPO</name>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>Part of M.A. degree, Högskolan Väst</text>
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                <text>Anna Karlsson, Martin Lind</text>
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                  <text>This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find.&#13;
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Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster.</text>
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                <text>This bulletin, reproduced from a facsimile reprint of the 1926 original, outlines the policies by which land settlement in the 1920s would take place. Descriptions of farming options, climate conditions, veld conditions, and pricing and size are elaborated. This was part of the 1920s Land Settlement Programme</text>
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                <text>Bush Encroachment in Namibia: Report on Phase 1 of the bush Encroachment Research, Monitoring and Management Project</text>
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                <text>"Bush encroachment is defined as “the invasion and/or thickening of aggressive undesired woody species resulting in an imbalance of the grass:bush ratio, a decrease in biodiversity, and a decrease in carrying capacity”, causing severe economic losses for Namibia – in both the commercial (freehold) and communal (nonfreehold) farming areas. The phenomenon of bush encroachment in Namibian savannas is seen to be part of the process of desertification. The main species causing the encroachment problem are Acacia mellifera subsp. detinens (Black thorn), Dichrostachys cineria (Sickle bush), Terminalia sericea (Silver terminalia), Terminalia prunioides (Purple-pod terminalia), Acacia erubescens (Blue thorn), Acacia reficiens (False umbrella thorn1) and Colophospermum mopane (Mopane). Prosopis species also occur in high densities, mainly in the Nossob, Olifants and Auob Rivers and are spreading outside the river lines into the Kalahari. Large areas in the southern parts of the country are also affected by mainly Rhigozum trichotomum (Three thorn) and even Black thorn. Phase 1 of the Bush Encroachment Research, Monitoring and Management Project was launched to determine • the causes of bush encroachment • the methods most suitable to combat invader bush • the impact of problem bushes on land productivity, biodiversity and the socio-economic situation of farmers • the best methods to monitor long-term changes in terms of bush densities and composition • shortcomings in existing policies and legislation related to the problem, and to propose policy reform, and • outputs such as creating an awareness about bush encroachment and networking to combat the problem."</text>
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                <text>J.N. de Klerk</text>
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                <text>"The Beginning of the 1980s witnessed the start of a crisis which rocked SWAPO due to the myopic and selfish interest of certain members in its leadership. The Real power of PLAN passed over into the hands of Solomon Jesus Hawala, the 'Butcher of Lubango', the deputy army commander of PLAN, and the Chief of SWAPO security. This began the wholesale arrest and abduction of Namibians, SWAPO members and non-SWAPO alike, under the pretext of them being 'enemy agents'."</text>
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                <text>© African Communications Project 1989</text>
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                  <text>This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded.</text>
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                <text>M.A. Dissertation - "The mini-dissertation examines and highlights in broad detail how Mr. Sam Nujoma used the canons of classical rhetoric in his State of the Nation Addresses during his Presidential reign in Namibia from 1990 to 2004. Mr. Nujoma’s Addresses are critiqued against the five canons of classical rhetoric: invention, arrangement, style, delivery and memory. Specifically, the author focuses on the following five research questions: 1. What evidence of particular appeals or approaches are used by Mr. Nujoma? 2. How effective is the arrangement of messages or arguments in the Introduction, Purpose statement, Body and Conclusion of the addresses? 3. Is the language style clear, vivid and persuasive in the sense of it being appropriate to Mr. Nujoma, the audience and the occasion? 4. Are there vocal and other nonverbal aspects used to complement verbal messages during the delivery of the addresses? 5. Is Mr. Nujoma’s retention and grasp of the contents of the addresses evident? In an attempt to answer the research questions above, twenty eight hours of video recordings shown live on the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation and two hundred twenty pages of the Hansard of the fifteen State of the Nation Addresses delivered between 1990 and 2004 were examined. The research shows that there is a difference between Mr. Nujoma’s written and delivered addresses in articulation. While the speeches were properly written, Nujoma’s delivery at times failed them. Notwithstanding the fact that English is not Nujoma’s home language, the grammatical conventions in his addresses were largely correct. However, the video recordings of the speeches sometimes contradicted Nujoma on the pronunciation of words. Mr. Nujoma’s inability to pronounce certain words is one of the reasons for the deficiency in delivery. Policies and actions are more important, but when one is the President, the public and history look to him to shape the way important things are talked about. Mr. Nujoma used various verbal tactics to complement pathos in his State of the Nation Addresses. He appealed to emotions of fear. Another technique evident in Nujoma’s State of the Nation Addresses was the use of logos. In this technique, the danger lies in the fact that decisions based on rational appeals are not necessarily based on truth or logic, but on emotions favouring those who put forth the more powerful arguments."</text>
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                <text>Audrin Inambao Mathe</text>
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                <text>"The fascinating story of Cape Cross over the past 500 years. Interesting events and colourful characters on every page. Read about the first railway and first postal robbery in Namibia. The biology of the Cape fur seals in detail, plus three maps and much more."</text>
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                <text>© Berry &amp; Bridgeford</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>© Rainer D.K. Bruchmann</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Cattle for Beads: The Archaeology of Historical Contact and Trade on the Namib Coast</text>
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                <text>Published PhD Dissertation - "Walvis Bay, the largest and safest harbour on the Namib coast, was known to maritime explorers as early as the fifteenth century European voyages of discovery. This study centres on 58 archaeological sites in the IKhuiscb Delta around Walvis Bay and Sandwich Harbour. The variety and distribution of trade goods among the sites reveal the indigenous response to the outside world, previously known only from written records documenting the attitudes and opinions of the foreigners. Walvis Bay was the port of access; the IKhuiseb River led to the interior. Because little modern development took place in the delta or the environs of the town before the late 1980s, the area provided an excellent opportunity for archaeological investigation of contact between indigenous society and the seafaring nations of western Europe. The voyages of discovery in the fifteenth century opened a maritime route which drew the people of the African coast directly into a network of trade with Europe (Wallerstein 1989) (Fig. 1.1). With new markets for cheap raw materials and their mass-produced goods, European mercantile interests expanded to dominate the world economy in succeeding centuries. During this process, some African societies diversified their economies and increased production as a result of the expanded external trade (Spear 1978; Kjekshus 1996) but ultimately, indigenous societies suffered major disruption and collapse (Wolf 1982). The growth of European hegemony is extensively documented, while the changes to indigenous society are not well understood."</text>
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                <text>Jill Kinahan</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Namibia Archaeological Trust &amp; Department of Archaeology &amp; Ancient History, Uppsala</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>PDF</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2000</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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        <name>Archaeology</name>
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        <name>Beads</name>
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        <name>Cattle</name>
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        <name>Ceramics</name>
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        <name>Coast</name>
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      <tag tagId="884">
        <name>Contact</name>
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        <name>Jill Kinahan</name>
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      <tag tagId="552">
        <name>Material Culture</name>
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        <name>Sweden</name>
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        <name>Trade</name>
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        <name>Uppsala</name>
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        <name>Walvis Bay</name>
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        <src>https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/d5a9d42c98f4907abf63c71265b85d33.pdf</src>
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                  <text>Kyoto University</text>
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                <text>CHANGE IN POPULATION AND LAND-USE INTENSITIES IN SEVERAL VILLAGES OF THE FOUR NORTHERN REGIONS OF NAMIBIA</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Demographic changes in several rural areas in the four northern regions of Namibia were traced from 1991 to 2001 using national census data. On average, the population growth rate of the surveyed area was 2.77% per year. Although this rate approximated the country's mean growth rate of 2.64%, the surveyed areas showed significant differences from the mean, ranging from 3.4% to 7.2% per year. A combination of demographic and land use data collected from four representative villages in the study region revealed that rural-to-urban migration on a micro-scale is a significant process in the control of the area's ecology and economy, and that the percentage of cultivated land is closely tied to population density.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3102">
                <text>Shigeru Araki</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3103">
                <text>African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2005), 30: 77-88</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2005</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3107">
                <text>http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/68459</text>
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        <name>Four northern regions</name>
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        <name>Land use intensity</name>
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      <tag tagId="9">
        <name>Namibia</name>
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      <tag tagId="137">
        <name>Ovamboland</name>
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        <name>Population census</name>
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      <tag tagId="1196">
        <name>Shigeru Araki</name>
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        <src>https://namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/b7caa9e6615517d5117f583647af7322.pdf</src>
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                  <text>Kyoto University</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Changes in Developmental Trends of Caregiver-Child Interactions among the San: Evidence from the !Xun of Northern Namibia</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The San have been the subject of extensive research with respect to their foraging lifestyle that is assumed to date back to antiquity. I conducted field research among the !Xun San, who have had close associations with the neighboring agro-pastoralists, in order to deepen understanding in this area. As anticipated by previous studies on the influence of sedentarization, !Xun children were increasingly engaged in the care of their younger siblings or cousins. These studies also predicted early weaning from breastfeeding. Indeed, the transition from breastfeeding to solid baby food occurred primarily during the second year after birth, regardless of the mother's next pregnancy, among the present-day !Xun. However, several findings did not meet the expectations raised by previous studies. Despite the difference in subsistence patterns, the trend toward parity among sedentary !Xun women was quite similar to that of nomadic Ju|'hoan women. The developmental transition involving touching and holding by the mother was similar among the Ju|'hoan and the !Xun. Gymnastic behavior preceding unaided walking of children persisted, even among the sedentary !Xun, mediated by differences in folk knowledge regarding such gymnastic behavior. Based on this evidence, I reconsidered the relationships among ecology and subsistence patterns, parental ideology, and patterns of caregiver-child interactions.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2966">
                <text>Akira TAKADA</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2967">
                <text>African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2010), 40: 155-177</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>2010</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2971">
                <text>http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/96291</text>
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        <name>Adaptation</name>
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      <tag tagId="1105">
        <name>Akira TAKADA</name>
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        <name>Caregiving behavior</name>
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      <tag tagId="1107">
        <name>Childhood</name>
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        <name>Hunter-gatherers</name>
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        <name>Socialization</name>
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                  <text>Kyoto University</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>Changes in Natural Resource Use among Owambo Agro- Pastoralists of North-Central Namibia Resulting From The Enclosure of Local Frontiers</text>
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                <text>Agro-pastoralists living in arid lands of Africa tend to have highly mobile lifestyles and to use natural resources widely and sparsely. Thus, they require frontiers with low population densities and sufficient natural resources. However, this study found that the enclosure of the local frontier has prompted social changes, such as the setting of conservation areas and the construction of new villages. The aim of this study was to clarify how Owambo agro-pastoralists living in north-central Namibia have changed their use of natural resources in response to transformations to the local frontiers they inhabit. The Owambo group consists of a number of subgroups. Some of these groups formed small kingdoms; most group members live at the kingdom's center surrounded by the frontier at the periphery. Since the 1970s, other people have migrated into these frontier areas and altered the local conditions, forcing inhabitants to change their use of natural resources. Local inhabitants have coped with this situation in three main ways: (1) wealthy people have established private cattle posts in the frontier where they graze their livestock and gather natural resources, (2) some (especially non-wealthy people) have started to use indigenous fruit trees in multiple and intensified ways, not only for their fruit but also as building materials and wood for fuel, and (3) older villagers have established social networks with newer villagers on the frontier to exchange goods that are available only from their respective areas. The progress of people who can access the natural resources in the frontier has been limited by the enclosure of the local frontier. However, local customs involving the reciprocal exchange of surplus natural resources among neighbors and neighboring areas remain and have been adapted in response to the new situation.</text>
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                <text>Yuichiro Fujioka</text>
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                <text>African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2010), 40: 129-154</text>
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                <text>2010</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3066">
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              <elementText elementTextId="3067">
                <text>http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/96292</text>
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        <name>Arid land</name>
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        <name>Fencing</name>
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        <name>Frontier</name>
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      <tag tagId="1166">
        <name>Intensification</name>
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      <tag tagId="1167">
        <name>Namibia.</name>
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      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Natural resource use</name>
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      <tag tagId="788">
        <name>Ovambo</name>
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